1. U.S. History
Chapter 9: Citizenship & the Constitution
Section 2: The Bill of Rights

2. The First Amendment
• Antifederalists
against
Constitution
due to absense
of a bill of
rights
U.S. Constitution

3. The First Amendment
• Patrick
Henry
pushed for
rejection
Patrick Henry

4. The First Amendment
• James
Madison
initially
opposed
amending the
Constitution
James Madison

5. The First Amendment
• Promises a bill of rights to
secure ratification
• Congress approves 12
amendments
• States ratify 10 amendments

7. “Congress shall make no law respecting an
establishment of religion, or prohibiting the
free exercise thereof; or abridging the
freedom of speech, or of the press; or the
right of the people peaceably to assemble,
and to petition the Government for a redress
of grievances.”
--United States Constitution, First Amendment

8. The First Amendment
• First Amendment: protects the
most basic rights of U.S. citizens:
– Religion
– Press
– Speech
– Assembly
– Petition

9. The First Amendment
• Religion
– Congress may not
support/interfere w/ religion
– No state religion

10. The First Amendment
• Press
–Zenger case
–Limitations: Slander/Libel

11. The First Amendment
• Speech
– Freely express and hear
idea/views
– Limitations: may not endanger
public safety

12. The First Amendment
• Assembly
–Must be peaceful
–Must not involve illegal
activity

13. The First Amendment
•Petition—to
make a request
of government

14. “A well regulated Militia being
necessary to the security of a free
State, the right of the people to
keep and bear Arms, shall not be
infringed. “
--United States Constitution, Second Amendment

16. Protecting Citizens
• Second Amendment
–Deals w/ state militias
–Gun control laws do not
violate Second Amendment

17. “No Soldier shall, in time of peace
be quartered in any house, without
the consent of the Owner, nor in
time of war, but in a manner to be
prescribed by law. “
--United States Constitution, Third Amendment

18. Protecting Citizens
•Third Amendment
–Prohibits military
from forcing citizens
to house soldiers

19. “The right of the people to be secure in their
persons, houses, papers, and effects,
against unreasonable searches and
seizures, shall not be violated, and no
Warrants shall issue, but upon probable
cause, supported by Oath or affirmation, and
particularly describing the place to be
searched, and the persons or things to be
seized.“
--United States Constitution, Fourth Amendment

20. Protecting Citizens
• Fourth Amendment
– Prohibits “unreasonable searches
and seizures”
– Prohibits authorities from
examining a citizen’s property
without a search warrant

21. “No person shall be held to answer for any capital, or
otherwise infamous crime, unless on a presentment or
indictment of a Grand Jury, except in cases arising in the
land or naval forces, or in the Militia, when in actual
service in time of War or public danger; nor shall any
person be subject for the same offence to be twice put in
jeopardy of life or limb; nor shall be compelled in any
criminal case to be a witness against himself, nor be
deprived of life, liberty, or property, without due process
of law; nor shall private property be taken for public use,
without just compensation.”
--United States Constitution, Fifth Amendment

22. Protecting Citizens
•Fifth Amendment
–Due Process—fair
application of the
law

24. Protecting Citizens
• Fifth Amendment
–Grand jury indictment
required
–Protection against self-
incrimination

25. Protecting Citizens
• Fifth Amendment
–Prohibits Double
Jeopardy—to be tried
twice for the same crime

26. Protecting Citizens
• Fifth Amendment
–Eminent Domain—the power
to take personal property
for public benefit

27. “In all criminal prosecutions, the accused shall enjoy the
right to a speedy and public trial, by an impartial jury of
the State and district where in the crime shall have been
committed, which district shall have been previously
ascertained by law, and to be informed of the nature and
cause of the accusation; to be confronted with the
witnesses against him; to have compulsory process for
obtaining witnesses in his favor, and to have the
Assistance of Counsel for his defense.”
--United States Constitution, Sixth Amendment

28. Protecting Citizens
• Sixth Amendment
–Quick, public trial by jury
–Right to know charges

29. Protecting Citizens
• Sixth Amendment
–Hear/Question witnesses
for/against
–Right to an attorney

31. “You have the right to remain silent. Anything
you say can and will be used against you in a
court of law. You have the right to have an
attorney present during questioning. If you
cannot afford an attorney, one will be
appointed for you. “

32. “In suits at common law, where the value in
controversy shall exceed twenty dollars, the
right of trial by jury shall be preserved, and
no fact tried by a jury, shall be otherwise
reexamined in any court of the United
States, than according to the rules of the
common law.”
--United States Constitution, Seventh Amendment

33. Protecting Citizens
• Seventh Amendment
–Juries may decide civil
cases

34. bail shall not be
“Excessive
required, nor excessive fines
imposed, nor cruel and unusual
punishments inflicted.”
--United States Constitution, Eighth Amendment

35. Bail & Punishment
• Eight Amendment
–Prohibits excessive bail
–Prohibits cruel & unusual
punishment

37. Cruel &
unusual?

38. enumeration in the
“The
Constitution, of certain rights,
shall not be construed to deny or
disparage others retained by the
people.”
--United States Constitution, Ninth Amendment

39. The Rights of States & Citizens
• Ninth Amendment
–The rights listed in the
Constitution are not the
only rights citizens have

40. powers not delegated to the
“The
United States by the Constitution,
nor prohibited by it to the states,
are reserved to the states
respectively, or to the people.”
--United States Constitution, Tenth Amendment

41. The Rights of States & Citizens
• Tenth Amendment
–Any powers not specifically
granted to Congress or
denied to the states belong
to the states

42. The Bill of Rights
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