1. Impacts of
Industrialization
how it changes everything

2. Population Grows

3. Demographics
• Both Fertility and Mortality rates drop
• So people live longer but have fewer
children
• Cost of living increase
• Urbanization rates jump

4. Thomas Malthus
• Writes Essay on the
Principle of Population
• Says that unchecked
population growth will
hold society back by
limiting resources
• Says famine and mass death is
the result
• Advocates moral restraint to
control population.

5. Slums form in cities
• London’s population is 1 million in 1800.
• 2.4 million in 1850, 6.5 million by 1900
• Infrastructure can’t handle it
• open sewers, outbreaks of cholera
• firetrap housing.

6. Migration ensues
• People leave Europe for North America
• 50 million migrate in 19th and 20th
centuries
• Brits to avoid slums, Irish b/c of potato
famine, Jews to avoid persecution
• Also Scandinavians and Germans leave
home

7. baseball starts! (soccer
too...)

8. Gender roles change
• men seen as primary breadwinners, but
women now can work as well
• secondary wage earners, paid less than
men.
• Expected to work, but expected to keep
the home as well.
• no such thing as day care...or health care...

9. Smells like....Socialism
(‘cause it is...Fox News take note...)
• Utopian Socialists: Charles Fourier and Robert
Owen
• oppose the competition of capitalism
• Try to create small scale societies without this to
improve living and working conditions
• New Lanark, Owen’s community: raises wages, cuts workday to 10
hours, provides housing and opens stores that sell at fair prices, provides
free education to all the children.
• But it isn’t financially viable, so communities fold, attempts shift to larger
scope...Marx remakes all of society...

10. Socialism and Reform
• Huge impact on ideas of how to reform
society.
• Reduce property requirements for male
voting (leads to universal suffrage...)
• health care, educational opportunities,
unemployment compensation, retirement
benefits
• Unions form in all industries to advocate
for the above

11. Industrialization beyond
Europe
• Russia is late to the party
• Russia in 1860 has 700 miles of RR track
• by 1900 has 36,000
• Sergei Witte, finance minister, pushes Tsar to
modernize and industrialize
• Oversees Trans-Siberian Railroad. Invites
European capitalists in to build & invest
• Russia develops massive coal, oil and steel and weapons industries

12. Japan plays too
• Government hires foreign experts to build and
instruct
• Government opens schools, builds shipyards,
factories, foundries then sells them to private
investors
• form the Zaibatsu: a trust/company formed
around a single family.
• banking, trade, mining, textiles

13. Global impact
• rural areas provide raw materials
• Urban areas provide industrial
• industry representatives scour the globe
for sources of material and labor
• LA, Africa, SE Asia, India become dependent
on export industry & don’t industrialize
• So wages stay low, domestic industry small