5. Evidence of Chemical Change Tro's "Introductory Chemistry", Chapter 7 Color Change Formation of Solid Precipitate Formation of a Gas Emission of Light Release or Absorption of Heat
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33. Solubility Rules: Compounds that Are Generally Soluble in Water Tro's "Introductory Chemistry", Chapter 7 Compounds containing the following ions are generally soluble Exceptions (when combined with ions on the left the compound is insoluble) Li + , Na + , K + , NH 4 + none NO 3 – , C 2 H 3 O 2 – none Cl – , Br – , I – Ag + , Hg 2 2+ , Pb 2+ SO 4 2– Ca 2+ , Sr 2+ , Ba 2+ , Pb 2+
34. Solubility Rules: Compounds that Are Generally Insoluble Tro's "Introductory Chemistry", Chapter 7 Compounds containing the following ions are generally insoluble Exceptions (when combined with ions on the left the compound is soluble or slightly soluble ) OH – Li + , Na + , K + , NH 4 + , Ca 2+ , Sr 2+ , Ba 2+ S 2– Li + , Na + , K + , NH 4 + , Ca 2+ , Sr 2+ , Ba 2+ CO 3 2– , PO 4 3– Li + , Na + , K + , NH 4 +
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38. Practice—Write an Equation for the Reaction that Takes Place when an Aqueous Solution of (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 is Mixed with an Aqueous Solution of Pb(C 2 H 3 O 2 ) 2 . Tro's "Introductory Chemistry", Chapter 7
39. Practice—Write an Equation for the Reaction that Takes Place when an Aqueous Solution of (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 is Mixed with an Aqueous Solution of Pb(C 2 H 3 O 2 ) 2 , Continued. Tro's "Introductory Chemistry", Chapter 7 (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 ( aq ) + Pb(C 2 H 3 O 2 ) 2 ( aq ) 2 NH 4 C 2 H 3 O 2 ( aq ) + PbSO 4 ( s )
60. Compounds that Undergo Gas Evolving Reactions Tro's "Introductory Chemistry", Chapter 7 Reactant type Reacting with Ion exchange product Decom-pose? Gas formed Example Metal n S, metal HS Acid H 2 S No H 2 S K 2 S( aq ) + 2HCl( aq ) 2KCl( aq ) + H 2 S( g ) Metal n CO 3 , metal HCO 3 Acid H 2 CO 3 Yes CO 2 K 2 CO 3 ( aq ) + 2HCl( aq ) 2KCl( aq ) + CO 2 ( g ) + H 2 O( l ) Metal n SO 3 metal HSO 3 Acid H 2 SO 3 Yes SO 2 K 2 SO 3 ( aq ) + 2HCl( aq ) 2KCl( aq ) + SO 2 ( g ) + H 2 O( l ) (NH 4 ) n anion Base NH 4 OH Yes NH 3 KOH( aq ) + NH 4 Cl( aq ) KCl( aq ) + NH 3 ( g ) + H 2 O( l )