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The Wall Street Transcript

     Relational and Corporate
      Governance Investing
                                     Richard Tullo
                       Special Situations Analyst
                               Liberum Research
                                 rtullo@twst.com
The Wall Street Transcript

 What is Relational Investing?

 Relational Investing: A form of investing where an institutional shareholder
 commits not to tender their shares to a potential hostile bidder (External
 Governance) for improved board representation and internal controls (Internal
 Governance).
The Wall Street Transcript
 The Relational Investing Investment Thesis
      Most Equities Are Held By
        Passive Index Mutual Funds
        Actively Managed Mutual Funds
        Trading Hedge Funds (L/S, Macro, Arbitrage)
        Pension Plans (Combination of the above)

      The Side Effects of These Strategies Are
        High Portfolio Turnover
        Emphasis Placed On Quantitative Measures
        Alpha Generated by Low Trading Costs (Large Portfolios)
        Short Term Time Horizon Dominates
        Open End Fund Problem

 Therefore- The Relational Investor Believes Excess Returns May be
 Generated by Focusing on Long Term Investment Strategies
The Wall Street Transcript
   Relational Investors

    Act more like owners of companies
    Tend to have a very long term outlook
    Participate strategic planning
    Assemble management teams
    Source of low cost capital
The Wall Street Transcript
   Tools of Relational Investing
    Board Representation
    Form 13D
    Proxy Contest
    Moral Suasion
    The Courts
    Capital
    Relationships
The Wall Street Transcript

Investor            Vehicle                  Investment
Warren Buffet       Berkshire Hathaway       Gilette
Edward Lambert      EHL                      Kmart
Jeff Ubban          Value Act                Martha Stewart
Christopher Brown   Tweedy Brown             Hollinger Intl.
Bill Miller         Legg Mason Growth Fund   Tyco Intl.
Julian Robertson    Tiger Fund               US Airways
Carl Ichan          Ichan Holding Co.        TWA
WL Ross             WL Ross and Co.          LTV Corp.
Ralph Wittworth     Relational Partners      Mattel
The Wall Street Transcript
 Relational Investing Pros
     Asymmetrical Rewards
     Access to management (Reg. FD)
     Key Industry Insights
     Create your own catalyst
     Arrange Mergers
     Special Benefits
The Wall Street Transcript
 Relational Investing Cons
     High Costs
     Retaliation
     Low Liquidity
     Ultra Long Term Holding Periods
     Corporate Governance Risk
     Competition / White Knight
The Wall Street Transcript

3 questions?

 What is corporate governance?
 Why does it matter?
 How can it make me a better investor?
The Wall Street Transcript
What is corporate governance?

 Corporate governance is a set of rules
 under which enterprises organize
 themselves.
The Wall Street Transcript
 Corporate governance covers:

 Hiring of the CEO
 Issuing of securities
 Amending of corporate by-laws
 Approving of acquisitions
 Election of directors
 Voting rules
 Board responsibilities
 Executive compensation
The Wall Street Transcript
Corporate Governance’s scope has been expanded to cover:

   Legal issues
       Patents
       Shareholder Lawsuit

   Compliance issues
       State, Local and Federal

   Accounting Controls

   Corporate Citizenship

   Strategic planning
       Initiatives
       Disposition and Acquisition of assets
       Alliances
The Wall Street Transcript
  Why it matters to the investor
The Wall Street Transcript
       Why it matters to society
The Wall Street Transcript
       Good Governance
             Promotes



      Good Decision Making
             Promotes



         Good Returns
The Wall Street Transcript
The three A’s of corporate governance

             Acceptance

               Ability

            Accountability
The Wall Street Transcript
The Good

  Independent Boards
  Separate CEO/Chair
  Experience and Diversity
  Positive Cash Flow
  Cumulative Voting Rights
  Organic Growth
  Dividends
  Real Stock Ownership
  No Related Party Transactions
The Wall Street Transcript
The Bad

 Low Real Stock Ownership
 Excessive Stock Sales
 Classified Boards
 Poison Pills
 Growth Through Acquisitions
 Combined CEO/Chair
 Entrenched Board (Tenure)
The Wall Street Transcript
The Ugly

 A/B Structure
 Conflicted Boards
 Excessive Stock or Option Grants
 Expanded Stock or Option Grants
 Concentrated Stock or Option Grants
 Excessive Write-Offs
 Federal Investigations
 Earnings Restatements
The Wall Street Transcript
How to make equity investments the corporate
  governance way

  Never dismiss corporate governance
  Never focus solely on corporate governance

The corporate governance investor calculates the trade
  off between fundamental and corporate governance
  risk to calculate an acceptable risk reward profile
The Wall Street Transcript
Begin Corporate Governance Analysis By:

Review Corporate Filings (Edgar)
                      10k
                      Def 14A
                      8k
                      10q
                      S-4
                      R-144
Search News
                      Shareholder Lawsuits
                      Corporate Suits
                      Investigations


Scan Chat Rooms
                      Short Stories
                      Stock Promoting
                      Industry Investors
The Wall Street Transcript
Corporate Governance Trouble Signs
  Disconnects

      Short vs. Long
      Management vs. Reality
      Stock Sales


  Only make meaningful investments only after
  you are comfortable with the governance risk
The Wall Street Transcript
 Corporate Governance Investing Payoff

     Studies say good governance pays
     Likely to receive takeover bids
     Bankruptcy may be less likely
     Reputation less likely to be damaged
     More likely to translate good business into good
     opportunities for shareholders
The Wall Street Transcript
Why does it work?

 Lower Cost of Capital
   Competitive Advantage


 Less Likely to Empire Build
   Reduces Expenses and Losses

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Twst Presentation Cg

  • 1. The Wall Street Transcript Relational and Corporate Governance Investing Richard Tullo Special Situations Analyst Liberum Research rtullo@twst.com
  • 2. The Wall Street Transcript What is Relational Investing? Relational Investing: A form of investing where an institutional shareholder commits not to tender their shares to a potential hostile bidder (External Governance) for improved board representation and internal controls (Internal Governance).
  • 3. The Wall Street Transcript The Relational Investing Investment Thesis Most Equities Are Held By Passive Index Mutual Funds Actively Managed Mutual Funds Trading Hedge Funds (L/S, Macro, Arbitrage) Pension Plans (Combination of the above) The Side Effects of These Strategies Are High Portfolio Turnover Emphasis Placed On Quantitative Measures Alpha Generated by Low Trading Costs (Large Portfolios) Short Term Time Horizon Dominates Open End Fund Problem Therefore- The Relational Investor Believes Excess Returns May be Generated by Focusing on Long Term Investment Strategies
  • 4. The Wall Street Transcript Relational Investors Act more like owners of companies Tend to have a very long term outlook Participate strategic planning Assemble management teams Source of low cost capital
  • 5. The Wall Street Transcript Tools of Relational Investing Board Representation Form 13D Proxy Contest Moral Suasion The Courts Capital Relationships
  • 6. The Wall Street Transcript Investor Vehicle Investment Warren Buffet Berkshire Hathaway Gilette Edward Lambert EHL Kmart Jeff Ubban Value Act Martha Stewart Christopher Brown Tweedy Brown Hollinger Intl. Bill Miller Legg Mason Growth Fund Tyco Intl. Julian Robertson Tiger Fund US Airways Carl Ichan Ichan Holding Co. TWA WL Ross WL Ross and Co. LTV Corp. Ralph Wittworth Relational Partners Mattel
  • 7. The Wall Street Transcript Relational Investing Pros Asymmetrical Rewards Access to management (Reg. FD) Key Industry Insights Create your own catalyst Arrange Mergers Special Benefits
  • 8. The Wall Street Transcript Relational Investing Cons High Costs Retaliation Low Liquidity Ultra Long Term Holding Periods Corporate Governance Risk Competition / White Knight
  • 9. The Wall Street Transcript 3 questions? What is corporate governance? Why does it matter? How can it make me a better investor?
  • 10. The Wall Street Transcript What is corporate governance? Corporate governance is a set of rules under which enterprises organize themselves.
  • 11. The Wall Street Transcript Corporate governance covers: Hiring of the CEO Issuing of securities Amending of corporate by-laws Approving of acquisitions Election of directors Voting rules Board responsibilities Executive compensation
  • 12. The Wall Street Transcript Corporate Governance’s scope has been expanded to cover: Legal issues Patents Shareholder Lawsuit Compliance issues State, Local and Federal Accounting Controls Corporate Citizenship Strategic planning Initiatives Disposition and Acquisition of assets Alliances
  • 13. The Wall Street Transcript Why it matters to the investor
  • 14. The Wall Street Transcript Why it matters to society
  • 15. The Wall Street Transcript Good Governance Promotes Good Decision Making Promotes Good Returns
  • 16. The Wall Street Transcript The three A’s of corporate governance Acceptance Ability Accountability
  • 17. The Wall Street Transcript The Good Independent Boards Separate CEO/Chair Experience and Diversity Positive Cash Flow Cumulative Voting Rights Organic Growth Dividends Real Stock Ownership No Related Party Transactions
  • 18. The Wall Street Transcript The Bad Low Real Stock Ownership Excessive Stock Sales Classified Boards Poison Pills Growth Through Acquisitions Combined CEO/Chair Entrenched Board (Tenure)
  • 19. The Wall Street Transcript The Ugly A/B Structure Conflicted Boards Excessive Stock or Option Grants Expanded Stock or Option Grants Concentrated Stock or Option Grants Excessive Write-Offs Federal Investigations Earnings Restatements
  • 20. The Wall Street Transcript How to make equity investments the corporate governance way Never dismiss corporate governance Never focus solely on corporate governance The corporate governance investor calculates the trade off between fundamental and corporate governance risk to calculate an acceptable risk reward profile
  • 21. The Wall Street Transcript Begin Corporate Governance Analysis By: Review Corporate Filings (Edgar) 10k Def 14A 8k 10q S-4 R-144 Search News Shareholder Lawsuits Corporate Suits Investigations Scan Chat Rooms Short Stories Stock Promoting Industry Investors
  • 22. The Wall Street Transcript Corporate Governance Trouble Signs Disconnects Short vs. Long Management vs. Reality Stock Sales Only make meaningful investments only after you are comfortable with the governance risk
  • 23. The Wall Street Transcript Corporate Governance Investing Payoff Studies say good governance pays Likely to receive takeover bids Bankruptcy may be less likely Reputation less likely to be damaged More likely to translate good business into good opportunities for shareholders
  • 24. The Wall Street Transcript Why does it work? Lower Cost of Capital Competitive Advantage Less Likely to Empire Build Reduces Expenses and Losses