2. NOTES
Develop a timeline showing dates and
scientists that led to this theory. Include the
following scientists: Theodor Schwann,
Matthias Schleiden, Virchow, Robert
Hooke, Van Leeuwenhoek, (remember
Redi, and Louis Pasteur add them also).
3. History of Cells
1. Robert Hooke - 1665
Observed cork (oak bark)
under the microscope
First to see dead
cells
Calledthem CELLS –they
reminded him of the shape
of monk dorms in
monastery.
3
5. Anton von Leeuwenhoek- 1674
Improved the Microscope
Looked at samples of pond and
drinking water
First person to see living
cells (“animalcules”)
Protista and other creatures in
water
5
6. 150-200 Year Gap???
Between the Hooke/Leuwenhoek
discoveries and the mid 19th century, very
little cell advancements were made.
This is probably due to the widely
accepted, traditional belief in Spontaneous
Generation.
Examples:
-Mice from dirty clothes/corn husks
-Maggots from rotting meat
11. The Cell Theory
1. All living things are made of
cells = A
2. Cells are the basic units of of
structure and function in living
organisms = B
3. New cells come from preexisting
cells = C
11
Remember you’re ABC’s!
12. Modern Cell Theory
Modern Cell Theory contains 3 statements,
in addition to the original Cell Theory:
The cell contains hereditary information(DNA)
All cells are basically the same in chemical
composition and metabolic activities.
Cellcontain specialized structures
(organelles) to perform life functions
13. Notes
Thinking Question: How did our
knowledge of cells evolve with the
collaboration among scientists and new
technologies? (Modern Cell Theory)
14. NOTES
Draw the cells in slides 15-17 explaining what
you think their function is related to its structure.
Cells How does their shape relate to
their/aid their function
15. Cell Shape and Function
The shape of the cell is related
to the job (function) of the cell
15
19. Compound Light Microscope
◦ Light source
◦ View living tissue
◦ View up to 0.5 micrometers
20. How we study cells
Electron Microscope (EM)
◦ View smaller than 0.5 micrometers
◦ Specimen coated in thin layer of metal
◦ Electron beam used to create image
◦ TEM (transmission)
◦ SEM (scanning) – 3D surface image
21. Prokaryotic & Eukaryotic Cells
There are 2 basic types of cells
◦ Prokaryotic
◦ Eukaryotic
Differences:
Presence/absence of nucleus,
Presence/absence organelles
Small/large size
21
22. NOTES
1. List 3 ways that prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells are SIMILAR and DIFFERENT. Give an example of
a prokaryotic cell and an example of a eukaryotic cell.
23. Eukaryotic Cells
Complex
Have Nucleus
Genetic material (DNA) inside
the nucleus
Many membranes
Evolved from prokaryotic cells
Example: cells of plants,
animals, fungi, and protists.
23
28. Nucleus Control center of the cell
Contains DNA = the genetic
material
DNA has the coded
information to make
proteins
Chromosomes are made of
DNA
Nucleus is surrounded by a
nuclear membrane
The nucleolus is a small
region inside the nucleus.
Ribosomes are made here.
28
29. Cytoplasm
•The fluid that fills the cell and
holds its organelles
•Contains dissolved enzymes and
molecules the cell needs to stay
alive
•Holds the microtubules and
myofilaments that are the cells
“skeleton”
30. Mitochondria
Transform the chemical energy of
food (glucose) into energy the
cell can use
This process is called cell
respiration
Power plant of the cell
ALL cells have mitochondria
30
32. Endoplasmic Reticulum = ER
Made of many folded membranes
Place where lipids and some proteins are assembled
The system of “highways” moves things around the
cell
32
33. Smooth ER
Smooth ER does not have
ribosomes attached to it
33
34. Rough ER
ER is called rough
because it has
ribosomes attached to
it – looks bumpy, rough
34
35. Ribosomes
Ribosomes are in charge of making
proteins.
Ribosomes join amino acids
together to make proteins
Ribosomes are located free in the
cytoplasm OR attached to the
endoplasmic reticulum
35
36. Golgi Body
Golgi modifies, sorts, and packs
proteins and other materials for
export
Golgi sorts and packs them (Post
Office)
36
37. Storematerials such as
water, salts, carbohydrates
Vacuoles
Animalcells have many
small vacuoles
Plant cells have a large
central vacuole filled
with fluid
Pressurefrom water in
vacuole helps plants
maintain the shape. If
vacuole is not full plant
wilts.
37
38. Chloroplasts
Capture the energy from sunlight and convert it into
chemical energy (sugars)
This process is called photosynthesis
FOUND ONLY IN PLANT CELLS
• Chloroplasts contain chlorophyll (a
pigment)
• Chloroplasts are like solar power
plants
38
40. Cytoskeleton-holds hold shape
Flagella- Centrioles-
Cilia –tiny tail-like aids in
hairs that part helps reproduction
helps in in of the cell
movement movement
41. NOTES
1. How are animal and plant cells similar? How are they different?
43. NOTES
Fill
in the chart about unicellular organisms
(PROTISTS)
Mobility Example drawing
44. Eukaryotic Cells: Protists
Unicellular
One cell satisfies all the needs of the organism
– one cell does everything!!!
Grouped by Movement :
A. Flagellum
B. Cilia
C. Pseudopods
44
45. Protista: Euglena Protista: Paramecium
A. Move using a flagellum, one B. Move using cilia (short hair-like
long whip-like structure) structures)
45
46. Protista: Amoeba
C. Move using pseudopods (pseudo=false; pods= feet),
projections of the cytoplasm
46
47. PROKARYOTIC CELLS:
Simple (primitive)
ALL BACTERIA
No Nucleus
(Genetic material (DNA) is lose
inside the cell)
No organelles with
membranes
The only membrane is the cell
membrane
Have ribosomes
Have cell wall
Most primitive cells: First cells
on Earth
Example: Bacteria
(E. coli, Streptococcus) 47