Disampaikan pada Ceramah Umum Diklat Kepemimpinan Tingkat III Pusdiklat Kementerian Dalam Negeri Regional Yogyakarta 12 Mei 2014

1. Deputi Inovasi Administrasi Negara
Lembaga Administrasi Negara RI
Jl. Veteran No. 10 Jakarta
Seri Inovasi Administrasi Negara
Tri Widodo W. Utomo

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Daftar Penyajian
1. Antara Kreativitas, Invensi, dan Inovasi
2. Konsep Inovasi dan Kriterianya
3. Mengapa Berinovasi?
4. Bagaimana Berinovasi?
5. Manajemen Inovasi
6. Kategori Inovasi
7. Anak Tangga dan Hambatan Inovasi
8. Penutup

3. Bagian I
Antara Kreativitas,
Invensi & Inovasi

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KREATIVITAS Sebagai Pemantik
KREATI-
VITAS

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Invention is the first innovation within
some class of objects. A new member
of an already existing category of
objects is an innovation, but the first
of the objects within that category is
an invention.
(Arthur B. Markman and Kristin Wood, 2009,
Tools for Innovation: The science behind the
practical methods that drive new ideas, Oxford
University Press)
Inventing is the creation of new
knowledge or new ideas; Innovation is
the integration of existing technology
and inventions to create a new or
improved product, process, or system.
(Ravi K. Jain, Harry C. Triandis, and Cynthia W.
Weick, 2010, Managing Research,
Development, and Innovation: Managing the
Unmanagable, John Wiley & Sons Inc.

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Creativity is manifested in the production of a
creative work (for example, a new work of art
or a scientific hypothesis) that is both original
and useful.
Innovation begins with creative ideas.
Creativity by individuals and teams is a starting
point for innovation; the first is a necessary but
not sufficient condition for the second.
Jiri Vacek, 2009, Innovation Management, Dept.
of Management, Innovations and Project,
Faculty of Economic UWB.

7. Bagian II
Konsep Inovasi &
Kriterianya

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Producing something new, whether services, product,
or market being developed (Martin Schuursman, Chairman
of European Institute of Innovation and Technology).
Turning ideas into money (Larry Hirst, Chairman of IBM
EMEA).
The catalyst for economic growth in order company to
grow and succeed (Anthony William, Senior Fellow Lisbon
Council / Co-author Wikinomics).
Introduction of new process or product whether in
government, business or philanthropic/social setting
(Andrew Wyckoff, Director of Science, Technology and Industry,
OECD).
Creating value for users, adding new ways of doing
things (Rian Liebenberg, Engineering Director Google).

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Turning ideas into commercial variable, opportunity
which creates jobs, new company and growth (Ben
Butters, Director European Affairs, Euro-chambers).
Bringing tools closer to people, figuring at a more
efficient way of doing things. Turning traditional
ways upside down (Rian Liebenberg, Engineering Director
Google).
Without innovation companies die, without
innovation societies die too (Anthony William, Senior Fellow
Lisbon Council / Co-author Wikinomics).
An improvement of something already exists or
introducing something totally new. It’s not only about
technology, it is also about organization (Joeri van den
Steenhoven, Charmain and Co-founder, Kennisland).

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Inovasi berasal dari bahasa Latin innovātus, yg berarti
memperbarui (to renew). Jadi, inovasi adalah proses
pembaruan sesuatu yg sudah ada, bukan
memperkenalkan sesuatu yang baru.
Membuat perubahan pada suatu hal yg sudah ada,
terutama dengan cara memperkenalkan metode-metode
baru (New Oxford American).
Sesuatu yang berbeda dan berdampak (Scott D. Anthony,
The Little Black Book of Innovation, Jakarta: Elex Media
Komputindo, 2013).
The implementation of a new or significantly improved
product (good or service), or process, a new marketing
method, or a new organizational method in business
practices, workplace organization or external relations
(Oslo Manual: Guidelines for Collecting and Interpreting Innovation,
Paris: OECD, 2005).

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Innovation means technologies or practices that are
new to a given society. They are not necessarily new
in absolute terms. These technologies or practices are
being diffused in that economy or society what is
not disseminated and used is not an innovation.
Innovation is distinct from research and in fact need
not result from it. Innovations come from the
entrepreneurs who make them happen and
ultimately depend on a society‘s receptiveness.
(World Bank, Innovation Policy: A Guide for Developing
Countries, 2010).

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Ada tidaknya dampak positif atau
kemanfaatan dari suatu inisiatif perubahan;
Mampu tidaknya inisiasi perubahan memberi
solusi terhadap masalah yg ada;
Harus berkesinambungan, tidak tergantung
pada inisiator / konseptornya;
Memiliki kompatibilitas dengan sistem diluar
dirinya, tidak membentur / melanggar sistem
yg telah ada.

14. Bagian III
MENGAPA BERINOVASI?

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Sumber: Types of innovation - Choosing where to innovate
Needs to grow

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2013
2040

19. Bagian IV
BAGAIMANA BERINOVASI?

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MENYIRAM – anggaran, dukungan.
MENYIANGI – kompetisi, deregulasi,
komunikasi.
MEMUPUK – kajian, informasi.
MENYIAPKAN LAHAN – pelatihan.
Sumber: World Bank, Innovation Policy: A Guide for Developing
Countries, 2010.

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Peter F. Drucker, 2006,
Innovation & Entrepreneurship,
HarperCollins

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1. Establishing sense of urgency;
2. Forming a powerful guiding coalition;
3. Creating a vision;
4. Communicating the vision;
5. Empowering others to act the vision;
6. Planning for and creating short-term wins;
7. Consolidating improvements and
producing more changes;
8. Institutionalizing new approaches.
John P Kotter, Leading Change: Why
Transformation Efforts Fail?

23. Bagian V
Manajemen INOVASI

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1. Penuangan praktek2
inovasi, publikasi dll.
2. Policy Brief.
3. Innovation Dialogue.
1. Analisis Gap & Identifikasi
kebutuhan inovasi.
2. Benchmarking, stock-taking
1. Pematangan
inisiatif inovasi.
2. Pendampingan /
pelatihan.
1. Pemilihan area
inovasi.
2. Penetapan kerangka
kerja inovasi
(metode, rencana
capaian, dll).
1. Pelaksanaan inovasi.
2. Monev / impact
assessment.
3. Lessons learned.

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Inkubasi: waktu/masa yg dibutuhkan untuk melaksanakan
observasi atau aksi dan intervensi tertentu, sampai muncul
perubahan dari kondisi awal menjadi kondisi baru.
Inisiatif baru biasanya dicirikan: pengalaman terbatas,
keterampilan manajerial minim, jejaring usaha sedikit,
dukungan / kepercayaan publik terbatas. Maka, perlu uji
coba, market testing, atau piloting sebelum berjalan
sepenuhnya.
Di AS: tanpa inkubasi, 66% bisnis pemula masih berada
pada kdisi yang sama setelah 2 th berjalan, dan 44% masih
tetap sama dan tidak tumbuh setelah 4 tahun (Amy E.
Knaup, Survival and Longevity in the Business Employment
Dynamics Database).
Inkubasi diibaratkan jembatan lembah kematian (valley of
death) yang menghubungkan dua bukit batu terjal.

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Program / aktivitas selama masa inkubasi:
mengembangkan kapasitas pelaku usaha / inovator,
mematangkan rencana dan fokus usaha,
melengkapi sarana dan metode kerja,
mengembangkan teknologi (jika diperlukan),
menutupi defisiensi dana,
mengurangi defisit kompetensi (mal-keterampilan)
pegawai melalui training, dsb.
Inkubasi bukan jaminan thd kesuksesan usaha atau
inovasi
Stephen Wunker (Incubating Innovation, Forbes, Des. 2007):
dari 300 perusahaan yg disurvei hanya 47% yg merasa puas
dengan pencapaian tujuan strategis organisasi setelah ikut
program inkubasi, dan yg puas dengan pencapaian target
finansial hanya 24%.

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Logika inkubasi:
Jika dengan inkubasi saja masih ada
kemungkinan kurang berhasilnya sebuah
usaha/inovasi, apalagi jika tanpa melalui
inkubasi.
Jiang Zemin:
(Presiden China 1993-2003): “Incubation is one
of the single most important global innovations
of the 21st century”

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Analogi Replikasi:
Foto copy,
Cangkok tanaman,
Franchise (KFC, Alfamart, Brownies Amanda, dll)
Esensi Replikasi:
Memperbanyak praktik inovasi secara cepat dengan
kondisi & mutu yg relatif sama dengan sumber aslinya.
Dengan replikasi, tidak perlu memulai sesuatu dari nol,
atau melakukan riset dan eksperimen yg panjang, atau
mengeluarkan biaya investasi yg amat besar.
Replikasi akan menghemat waktu, tenaga, biaya, dan
menekan kemungkinan gagal dari inisiatif inovasi.

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Bagaimana Melakukan Replikasi?
Benchmarking dan studi banding,
Pelatihan teknis dan simulasi bagaimana sebuah
inovasi itu dikelola, dimonitor, dan dikembangkan,
Kota kembar, sister institution, atau sejenisnya,
Stelsel Aktif: 1) mempelajari & mengumpulkan data
mengapa inovasi tertentu berhasil diterapkan; 2)
menyiapkan rencana & skenario yg matang tentang
bagaimana replikasi akan diterapkan, termasuk aspek
anggaran, tim pelaksana, tahapan dan kerangka
waktunya; 3) melakukan monitoring & menjamin
tercapainya target-target yg direncanakan.

30. Bagian VI
KATEGORI INOVASI

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Incremental Innovation – Doing more of the same things you
have been doing with somewhat better results.
Additive Innovation – More fully exploiting already existing
resources, such as product lines extensions, and can achieve
good results. These opportunities should rarely be treated as
high priority efforts. The risks should be small – and they
should not take resources away from complementary or
breakthrough opportunities.
Complementary Innovation – Offers something new and
changes the structure of the business.
Breakthrough Innovation (Radical Innovation) – Changes the
fundamentals of the business, creating a new industry and
new avenues for extensive wealth creation.
Sumber: Vadim Kotelnikov, http://www.1000ventures.com

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Rhenald Kasali:
Adalah entrepreneur
yang memicu
perubahan,
pertumbuhan
ekonomi, tetapi juga
sekaligus sebagai
mesin penghancur
ekonomi dunia
dengan inovasi-
inovasinya.
(“Turnaround”,
Koran Sindo, 7-11-
2013, hal. 1)

34. Bagian VII
ANAK TANGGA &
HAMBATAN INOVASI

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Awareness of the Problem: people must
perceive there is a problem in the first place.
Interest: after being aware they need to show
an interest in the specific problem;
Knowledge/comprehension: in order to
decide to go for change and adopt an
innovation, people need to be knowledgeable
about it;
Attitude: attitude is another factor
determining people's orientation in accepting
and adopting an innovation;
Legitimization: is the innovation in line with
the norms and legal system of the
community? This aspect is related to the
overall legislation and policy currently in use.
However it can also be related to the cultural
and social acceptance of the innovation, and
the fact of having to face strong peer pressure
in order to adopt it;
Practice: before actually adopting and putting
in action an innovation people need to try it
out in order to test its feasibility and
effectiveness. Further actions might be needed
to ensure its sustainability.

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Geoff Mulgan dan David
Albury (Innovation in the
Public Sector, London: 2003)

37. Bagian VIII
PENUTUP

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© Deputi Inovasi Administrasi Negara LAN-RI
Terima Kasih
Lembaga Administrasi Negara RI
Jl. Veteran No. 10
Jakarta
Tri Widodo W. Utomo