Research Project on Knowledge vs CGPA. Course of Business Research Methods. Results were fetched from SPSS.

1. 1
Muneeb Anwar
5753FMS/MBA/F12
Amir Sohail
5765FMS/MBA/F12
Usman Mukhtar
5771FMS/MBA/F12
Farukh Saleem
5779FMS/MBA/F12

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INTRODUCTION
Since last decade it has been observed that most of the students in Pakistan who study in
different universities are getting education for the sake of CGPA, instead of gaining knowledge.
The average number of students passing out from different universities of Pakistan is 445,000
from 33 universities of Pakistan. This is the education which tends students toward their grades.
Most nations have individual grading systems unique to their own schools. However,
several international standards for grading have arisen recently. In Pakistan grading has much
influence in measuring performance of the students.
Grading criteria in Pakistan is:
Range Grade Letter Grade Point
80 - 100 A 4.0
75-79.99 B+ 3.5
70-74.99 B 3.0
65-69.99 C+ 2.5
60- 64.99 C 2.0
55-59.99 D+ 1.5
50 - 54.99 D 1.0
0 - 49.99 F 0
The literacy rate ranges from 96% in Islamabad to 28% in the Kholo District. Between 2000 and
2004, Pakistanis in the age group 55–64 had a literacy rate of almost 38%, those ages 45–54 had
a literacy rate of nearly 46%, those 25–34 had a literacy rate of 57%, and those ages 15–24 had a
literacy rate of 72%. Literacy rates vary regionally, particularly by sex. In tribal areas female
literacy is 9.5%. Moreover, English is fast spreading in Pakistan, with 18 million Pakistanis
(11% of the population) having a command over the English language, which makes it the third
largest English-speaking nation in the world and the second largest in Asia. On top of that,
despite these statistics, Pakistan still has one of the highest illiteracy rates in the world and the
second largest out of school population (5.1 million children) after Nigeria.

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After the flow of private universities in 1980s, the competition became increased among private
and government universities. Every one strived for its survival in education sector.
Effects of Knowledge on Students:
The knowledge which a student gains during a lecture in class will always remain forever.
For example, a student might want to learn some material because he is genuinely interested in
and curious about it. Another student might become motivated to learn when he participates in a
group project-he would “get into it,” as some students would say. It is also easy to envision
combinations of these categories, when a student wants to do what the teacher models but also is
genuinely curious about a subject.
Effects of CGPA on Students:
Many students think that their entire career is based on their CGPA. They do all the efforts for it.
A student might be paying attention and doing the same tasks because he wants to become
competent. Another student might be doing the same work, thinking that they want to learn to do
that like their teacher does.
Statement of Problem:
The main problem in education system of Pakistan is that it is grade oriented. We have found
consistent effects of using the importance of grades.
1. Grades tend to reduce students’ interest in the learning itself.
2. Grades tend to reduce students’ preference for challenging tasks.
3. Grades tend to reduce the quality of students’ thinking.
4. Grades aren’t valid, reliable, or objective.
5. The child who seems to be the proud of their parents has a psychological pressure to tend
towards good grades.
6. Grades distort the curriculum.
In the following research, we’ll differentiate between knowledge and grade oriented students.
As well as, the factors which lead towards grade oriented person and factors which lead
toward knowledge oriented person will be discussed.
Background Information:
In researching this topic the group found a large amount of work had already been done on
this topic. For this reason the group was able to take the best parts of each of the individual

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studies and compile them along with our own input into a comprehensive targeted study to
address our unique problem statement.
EXPLORATORY RESEARCH:
An extensive internet search was carried out by the group to gather a large amount of
information that was readily available in the public domain. Next, the group identified
specific journals, and articles that were of interest in the reference sections of discovered
research that was similar to our efforts. The majority of the information referred to in the
reference sections of the public domain literature was not available in the public domain. To
overcome this obstacle the group used the International Islamic University Islamabad’s
library to obtain the information referred to in the reference sections of the related studies
found online. After extensive reading and research of the available literature, a research
model was defined to clarify research objectives and variables were assigned to the concepts
in relationship diagram to objectify the model. An extensive questionnaire was then designed
with different question items to represent these variables.
Literature Review:
The recent educational data and interviews, press release and articles are presenting that the
people tend toward Bookish information and there’s less amount of knowledge is being
supplied to the market according to the level of need. Like most of the university students
feel their education as a burden rather than an inner desire of getting knowledge.
We found in our research that the students belong to middle class with a father’s education of
14 to 16 years and they work as private servants at middle levels. Such students are mostly
found according to our survey, bend towards getting knowledge. But due to social pressure
and financial pressure, the also need good grades in their degree, based on knowledge.
Students were found to be in relatively low income have an intention towards knowledge. ----
--- %students bend toward CGPA. Educationists have traditionally viewed that the schooling
is the basic factor to making up the minds of the students either they are going to pursue
toward knowledge or grades. Schooling is valuable, the argument goes, because it makes
people more productive so they will receive more information that will going to lead them
towards knowledge. In addition the data shows that students from lower income families are

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more likely to have less exposure, and students from backward areas are more likely to bend
towards knowledge.
Overall our research leads us to believe there is a relationship between knowledge and CGPA
and the following factors: demographics (age, sex, race, etc), existing CGPA, language,
father’s education, and income class. Our study will seek to confirm and test these factors
and establish correlations within the IIUI student body.
ResearchQuestions & Objectives:
Knowledge V/S CGPA model graphically represents the research objectives designed at the
end of exploratory research. Each variable is represented by a square box and arrow shows a
relationship among them. This diagram can be found in 5th page. This study was designed to
discover what the relationship is between or chosen variable and our topic i.e. knowledge vs
CGPA. We think that there will be a relationship between a student’s level of knowledge and
the following variables.
Motivationis an independent variable measuring the capacity of mind up to the certain extent
in terms of motivation towards knowledge. Correlation exists between that student demographic,
an independent variable, and the student’s motivation.
Good Observer is an independent variable, because a good observer can see the thing from
the different angles as compared to common people, and because of this habit he has the unique
information about the thing that will going to lead his intention towards knowledge.
Influenced people consist of two types, positively influenced and negatively influenced. A
positively influenced person will move towards knowledge whereas negatively influenced will
going to be pissed off.
Hardworking person will going to collect more information about the things, processes and
people. A hardworking person midnight oil to achieve success. That person will definitely move
towards knowledge.
Innovators are the people who are eager to explore new things, adapt new systems and
always they search for innovative products. Mostly they go for the knowledge.

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Devoted person is always loyal and committed to what he studies. His devotion and
commitment will lead him to his knowledge.
Interest of the person in his studies which he/she is getting matters a lot. If a person is
interested in the studies he is getting, he will definitely gain knowledge from that.
Explorationnature of a person leads him towards knowledge.
Social Pressure of the society and parents is a major cause that pushes the students towards
getting good grades instead of seeking knowledge.
Benchmark is also an important factor leads towards maintaining level up to previous CGPA
of his own, friends etc. so this factor will lead him towards getting good grades to maintain
his/her self-respect.
Violence to Get Things makes a person to snatch other’s share. So they can do anything
for getting grades.
Limited to Books if a person is only limited to books then he/she has no exposure.
Adapters are those who adapt a new change. In our research, the basic theme behind this
variable is that adapters are who do not bring change in an existing system nor they have such
capability.
Siblings Rivalry occurs when siblings use unfair means to get better grades than each other.
It is due to the parents who give examples and credits to siblings to create an inferiority complex
in one person.
Greed greedy people always run after the grades. They use all the means to get grades, either
they are fair or unfair.
Shortcuts always cause risk whenever they are used. So the students who use shortcuts are
grade oriented people.
Lack of Confidence the students who feel shy while dealing in public are the people who
have lack of confidence. These people have less vision and knowledge and they often go for
good grades.

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Knowledge V/S CGPA Relationship Model:
Motivation
Interest
Exploration
Innovators
Good Observer
Influenced
Siblings
Rivalry
Hard worker
Devoted
Knowledge
Greed
Limited to
Books
Violence to
Get Things
Social
Pressure
Shortcuts
Benchmark
Adapters
CGPA
Lack of
Confidence

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METHODOLOGY
Population & Sample
TargetPopulation:
The target population for this study is all individuals that share the common characteristic
of being currently enrolled university students.
Sampling Frame:
The sampling frame or working population, for this study is all currently enrolled
students found on the 704 acre IIU main campus during a typical 24 hour period. The current
student population of IIU is 30,000 students.
Sample Size:
The group plans on gathering 125 questionnaires with roughly half being men and
approximately half being women. It is anticipated that by simply following the random sampling
procedures outlined above that we will achieve this goal without any effort given to purposely
selecting men or women to balance the study. If this does not turn out to be the case we will
most likely be required to gain additional samples using Stratified Sampling.
Sample Unit:
The sampling unit will be one of the 7 quadrants of the IIU campus.
ProposedData CollectionTechniques
Type of Survey:
This survey is a combination of Likert, Nominal, Ordinal and Category. The survey will
be administered by using the intercept method at specific locations on the IIUI new campus.
Sampling Method:
The group used a multistage area sampling. We divided the IIUI campus into 7 parts
roughly based upon population density and assign each quadrant a number 1 through 7.
Individual questionnaire administers rolled a die to determine where the next 30 questionnaires
would be administered. The administrator then went to a Sharia & Law department. The

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administrator then looked down at their watch and waited until the second hand on their watch
reached the 12 and then they must looked up and the first person they saw they approached with
the questionnaire to carry out an Intercept Interview. This was done in order to remove any bias
the administrator may have in only approaching people who they may perceive as being more
amenable to answering the questionnaire. This also prevented the administrator from
introducing any bias into the study through Judgment Sampling or Snowball Sampling. It was
decided that the student population may differ significantly when comparing the day time
students (8:30 am to 4:30 pm) to the evening students (4:30 pm to 8:30 pm). To compensate for
this assumed difference it was decided that half of the surveys would be administered during the
day time hours and half of the surveys would be administered during the evening hours.
Interesting beginning questions will be used to help peak personal interest in the study to
increase the positive response rate.
Sampling Procedure:
1) Administrator will select to determine which of the 7 quadrants of the IIU campus will be
sampled for the next 15 sample units.
2) Administrator will next go to a library within the required location on the IIU campus
3) The administrator will then approach the select sample unit with the questionnaire using
an interesting question from the questionnaire to help peak interest in the study.
4) The administrator will then note the demographic information of any non-respondent so
that it can be determined if a specific demographic of the population is underrepresented
due to that demographic being unwilling to participate.
5) The administrator will then administer the questionnaire to positive respondents and press
for a fully completed questionnaire each time
6) After the questionnaire has been administered the administrator will then note the IIU
quadrant the survey was taken in.
7) The administrator will then repeat this process to accumulate to full 15 required for the
specific IIU quadrant.
8) The administrator will then repeat this process as necessary in order to acquire the
required sample size

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Questionnaire Introduction:
To help introduce potential sample units to the survey in a uniform way the group created
a short cover letter to be attached to the front of each questionnaire. The cover letter can be
found in Appendix D. This short cover letter will help to give the study an increased level of
credibility which in turn should help to increase the positive response rate.
Instrumentation
Variables:
The variables used in this research project are drawn after an exploratory research and literature
review of previous university ranking, and current performance of student. Detail of all the
variables is given below.
Knowledge:
Knowledge is a dependent variable. It shows the level of information among the people, that is,
how many people go for the knowledge or implement knowledge in their lives. Question14 is the
question of this variable. It is dependent of all the variables mentioned below:
Exploration:
Under this variable intension are to measure the exploration of students adapted during
university life
Questions 11, 15, 17, in the questionnaire pertain to this variable. Question 11, 15, 17 uses a
likert scale. Question items under this variable are about exploration characteristics in his/her
habit. Purpose is to find their learning capacity in their life.
Innovation:
This variable will measure their intention about invention in their life. Question 12 in the
questionnaire pertains to this variable. This question uses the Likert Scale.
Good Observer:
This will measure that how a person observer thing for what purpose. Variable Questions
31 in the questionnaire pertain to this variable.

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Influenced:
Questions 19, are the questionnaire pertains to this variable. Likert scales are used to
record the respondent’s information regarding his or her knowledge.
Hard worker:
Likert scales are used to record the respondent’s information regarding his or her knowledge.
Question 22 is the part of this variable.
Interest:
This variable intent to measure responding students’ attitudes towards knowledge incurred for
educational purposes and its effects on responding students. Questions10, 16, in the questionnaire pertain
to this variable. All of the question items regarding this variables use likert scale to record the response.
Motivated: it is an independent variable measuring the capacity of mind up to the certain
extent in terms of motivation towards knowledge. Q20 is related to this variable.
Devoted: it is an independent variable which effects both knowledge and CGPA. Q18 is
related to this variable.
CGPA:
CGPA is another dependent variable. It shows the degree of people who prefer their grades in
their professional lives. Question 21 is the question of this variable. It is dependent of all the
variables mentioned below:
Lack of confidence: it is an independence variable which effects the CGPA. Q27 relates to
this.
SocialPressure:
This will measure how social pressure effect student to convert their mind through grades instead of
knowledge. This study is being undertaken in order to understand and describe the factors that lead to
increased student CGPA. Question 33 include in this variable. likert scale is used to find their results.

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BenchMark:
This will measure how a person decides to meet their required result and who is his/her competitor.
Question 23 is includes in this variable.likert scale is used to find their response.
Limited to Books:
Question 25, 26 include in this variable. Ordinal scale is used in Question 25 and likert scale is used in
Question 26.
Shortcut:
Through this we will measure who will prefer to adopt shortcut knowledge seeker or grader .Question 24
include in this variable. likert scale is used in this variable.
Sibling Rivalry:
It is the main cause through which person prefer to go through grades .In which we will measure that
sibling rivalry can affect how much person perception about knowledge. Person Question 23 include in
this variable. Likert scale is used in this variable.
Greed:
Question 28, 32 include in this variable. Likert scale is used in this variable to find required results.
Adapters:
This will tell us how people change their mind which they see things. Question 29, 30 include in
this variables. Likert scale is used in these variables.
Budget, Schedule, & Resources:
This study will have a modest budget of RS. 400that will cover the cost of photocopies to
produce the required questionnaire and cover letter. A Microsoft Project schedule outlining the
tasks required to complete this study on time .To help reduce the cost of gathering the data, the
group has decided that all group members will be required to gather an equal number of
completed surveys so that the group will not have to pay for this service. Also the group has
determined that the survey administers must be granted access to all Blocks in the IIUI New

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Campus in order to gather the required number of samples using the sampling technique
described in the Sampling Procedure.
RESULTS
Significance Level
We strived to meet at least 95% significance for all of our tests. All of our analysis meets the
95% significance level although we realize not everything with a high significance level is
actually relevant. Unless otherwise noted we stated only significant and relevant results.

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Descriptive Statistics
Following is table summarizes general descriptive statistics of your sample population.
Sample mean age: 2.10 i.e. 23.3 (approx.)
Gender
Male
55.2%
Female
44.8%
Income
class
Lower
middle
19.2%
Upper middle
73.6%
Upper class
7.2%
Age
18-20
25.6%
21-23
48%
24-26
18.4%
Above 26
8%
Father’s
education
Under
matric
11.2%
Matric
15.2%
Intermediate
12.8%
Graduate
32.8%
Masters
18.4%
MS
9.6%
Father’s
occupation
Govt.
servant
40.8%
Businessman
20.0%
Private
servant
12.0%
Armed
servant
8.0%
Labor
3.2%
Farmer
8.8%
Unemployed
2.4%
Civil
servant
4.8%
Province
Punjab
54.4%
Sindh
5.6%
Balouchistan
6.4%
KPK
23.2%
Gilgit
baltistan
0.8%
Tribal
areas
6.4%
Islamabad
3.2%
Language
Urdu
34.4%
Punjabi
29.6%
Pashto
19.2%
Sindhi
4.8%
Barohi
0.8%
Pothwari
7.2%
Balouchi
3.2%
Saraiki
0.8%
CGPA
0.0-2.5
7.2%
2.6-3.0
36.8%
3.1-3.5
34.4%
3.6-4.0
21.6%
Hobbies
Reading
26.4%
Travelling
26.4%
Research
8.8%
Sleeping
15.2%
Watching
TV
14.4%
Gardening
4.8%
teaching
4.0%

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Inferential Statistics
After compiling all the data we performed a variety of statistical tests to see if there were any
relationships between our dependent variable, knowledge, CGPA and all the independent variables which
include: . Analysis as simple as frequencies and descriptive statistics helped describe our population and
lead us to more sophisticated analysis such as multiple regression, simple regression, factor analysis and
t-tests.
Variable Test Result Significance
Level
Appendix
Gender ANOVA Significant .022 1
Gender T-Test Significant .000 2
Exploration ANOVA Significant .002 3
Interest ANOVA Significant .039 4
Interest, Exploration and Knowledge
We have done this test on Genders and three questions that are Interest,
Exploration. After performing ANOVA and T-Test we see the relationship between interest
and knowledge. If a person is interested in the study he/she is getting then it will going to lead
knowledge.
In our Results Mean of the question of the first variable bend towards Female (2.2679) as their
Mean is more than the Mean of Men i.e. (1.9855). As we move towards our second variable that
is Exploration. Here we see that women are much exploratory as compare to Men. The mean of
Female is (2.3571) whereas the mean of Men’s Exploration level (1.9130). It shows that Men
slightly less interested in exploration. As we applied Levene Test we noticed that the
significance of this variable is 99.8%. {Exhibit *2}
So the more proportion of Female tends toward knowledge as compare to men.
Innovation, Devotion and Knowledge Attitude
As we applied our statistics on other two variables i.e. innovation and devotion we
noticed that again Females are much innovative as compared to Males. This also shows that
Female applies more innovation in their knowledge. The statistics shown that Mean of Female

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(2.1786) and mean of Male (1.7391) and the Significance of this result after levene test is 92%
and significance after ANOVA Test is 99.2%.
As we applied all these tests on Devotion and knowledge attitude significance after
ANOVA is 98.3%. This shows that Female are much devoted to their studies as compare to
opposite sex.
Motivation, Gender and Knowledge Attitude
As we applied our statistics on motivation and gender we see the significance that is
99.4% and a mean of Mean male (2.3478) and female (3.000). So it shows the high motivation
level of women as compare to men. The attitude towards knowledge is positive for the Females it
is because of the interest of females to grow and carelessness of Men. {Exhibit: Graph 1}
Lack of Confidence, Different Provinces and Impact on CGPA:
When we applied our tests on the people of different provinces, either they feel
comfortable while dealing with public or not. The result we got after analysis is that people from
Islamabad region feel much comfortable while dealing with public. Their mean is (3.7500)
whereas the people from Gilgit Baltistan feel shy while dealing with public, their mean is
(1.0000). After ANOVA test, we saw that the significance of this test is 99.8%.
CGPA as a Job Security
As we applied one way ANOVA and Descriptive mean test on the following variables.
The results we get are more males are sure to get good job based on their good CGPA as
compared to women.
The Mean of Men (2.8406) and Women (2.1964), significance is 99.7%. This shows a clear
picture of this relationship.
Hard work, Attitude towards knowledge
We did ANOVA, Levene and Descriptive Tests on this variable and we get following
results: Mean of Male (2.2174) and Female (1.8571) and significance is 0.087. So this variable
tells more satisfaction level of doing hard work in Males as Compare to Females.
Income class, Exploration
After applying T-Test on income class and exploration we see that data is negatively
skewed -2.675 and -3.691 respectively. The significance according to this test is 99.2% and

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100% respectively. Between the lower and upper middle class people more prefer trips. This is
shown by mean (1.8800) for income and (1.7200) for the preference of trips. It shows that people
of this category.
Benchmark, Age and Level of CGPA
After applying t-test on age and benchmark which people mostly keep as their standard of
achievement. People between the age group of 21-23 set their benchmark of CGPA comparable
to their Siblings. Mean of age (2.0880) and mean of benchmark is (2.6160), t is 1.130 for age and
3.312 for benchmark. This data is 99.8% Significant. {Exhibit Graph 2}
Greed, Province and CGPA
After applying t-test on province and level of greediness for getting CGPA we saw that
people belong from Sindh and Baluchistan are slightly greedy than the people of other provinces
in Pakistan. Mean of Province is (2.4560) and the mean of Greed is (2.808) and t-test of province
is 2.685 and t-test of Greed is 3.126. This data is 99.8% significant.
Limited to Books, Father’s Occupationand CGPA
After applying t-test on limited to books and father’s income and their impact on CGPA
we saw that people whose fathers are Businessmen and Private Servant tend to limited to their
books only. Mean of father’s occupation is (2.7280) and mean of limited to Books is (2.4000). T-
test of father’s occupation is (3.890) and t-test of limited to Books is (4.624). This data is 100%
significant.

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1. Males are more likely to watch discovery documentaries.
Sig=0.001 Mean (Female) 2.2679 Mean of (Men) 1.9855
2. Male tends to explore things more than female. {Exhibit 3}
Sig=0.001 T-test 1.16 Mean of Female is (2.3571) the mean of Men (1.9130)
3. Female spend more time reading about companies.
Sig= .0983 Mean of Female (2.1786) and mean of Male (1.7391)
4. Females like more to educational celebrities than males
Sig=0.04 Mean male (2.3478) female (3.000) T-test
5. Sig= .002 Islamabad mean is (3.7500) Gilgit Baltistan Mean 1.0 T-test
6. Females are more hard workers than males.
Sig=0.087 Mean of Male (2.2174) and Female (1.8571) T-test
7. Person who belong to a farmer family they are interested to implement bookish
knowledge in real life. {Exhibit 1}
Sig=0.020 T-test=-1.454 Mean (Government servant)= 2.2941( businessman)=
2.56( private servant)=2.86 (armed servant)=2.36( labor) =2.0( farmer)=1.72
(unemployed)=3.66 ( civil servant)=2.50 {Exhibit 1 Descriptive}
8. People who belong to unemployed family they feel good when they get good Grades.
Sig=0.020 T-test=-0.743 Means (Government servant)=2.52 ( businessman)=2.36
( private servant)=2.66 (armed servant)=2.0 ( labor) =1.75 ( farmer)=4.4
(unemployed)=1.6 ( civil servant)=3.5 {Exhibit4}
9. People who relates to armed servant are more likely to adapt existing system.
Sig=0.27 {Exhibit 5} T-test=-1.007Mean(Government servant)=3.07
( businessman)=2.84 ( private servant)=3.26 (armed servant)=3.3 ( labor) =2.25
( farmer)=2.36 (unemployed)=2.0 ( civil servant)=2.0 {Exhibit4}
10. Upper class like trips more than Lower middle and Lower class
Sig= 0.05 T-Test=22.677 Mean (lower class) = 2.833 (lower middle) =1.6522 (Upper
class) =1.44
11. Lower class more tends to Hiking trips whereas upper class more like Safari trips
Sig=.004 T-Test= 22.699 Mean (lower) = 2.75 (lower middle) =1.967 (upper class) = 2.0
12. Above Masters Father’s education are conscious about brands.

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13. Sig= .003 T-Test=0 .41 Mean (Under Matric) = 3.0 (Matric) =2.36 (Graduate) = 2.51
(Masters)
14. Punjabi are more like trips. {Exhibit 6}
Sig=2.29 T-test=-16.873 Urdu=1.62 Punjabi=1.54 Pashto=1.92 sindhi2.0 Barohi=4.0
Pothwari=1.55 Baluchi=2.5Saraiki=2.0
15. People who are from Islamabad don’t feel comfortable while baluchi feel comfortable
{Exhibit 7}Sig= 0.003 T-test -7.588 Urdu=2.34 Punjabi= 2.10Pashto=2.41sindhi=3.5
Barohi=2.0Pothwari=2.2Baluchi=1.5Saraiki=5.0

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Discussion
Many of our research findings corroborated previous research performed on the subject of
Knowledge and CGPA. We found significant relationships between income class, exploration and ability
of innovation, demographics, attitudes toward knowledge and CGPA, the number of years in school and a
student’s devotion. Some interesting areas where we did not find any significant relationships were
father’s education and father’s occupation and how they planned to spend time on their studies .Many of
our more ambitious goals were thwarted by bad question selection and/or difficult coding. Some
questions were too ambiguous and we had to throw them out and some were too general and ended up
being irrelevant. We learned we need to carefully craft simple, yet effective questions which measure
only what they are intended to measure and nothing else. Furthermore we needed a bigger sample size in
order have more decisive results. Oftentimes we didn’t have a sufficient number of respondents in one
category, such as income class because most of the time People do not want to tell their personal income,
to draw any conclusive results.
Nonetheless we were able to draw handsome number of quantitative correlations between
different variables proposed in research model. Thus fulfilling the more than basic requirements of the
research project and at the same time this project brings forth unknown relationships among different
players in the education field.
Conclusion
The results of this study allowed us to answer some of our original questions and certainly led to a
greater understanding of the subject matter, as well as the statistical techniques used. In many ways the
results have led to even more questions and we are left to wonder what other relationships there might be
between knowledge verses CGPA and other variables. That being said we can draw the following
conclusions from our work:
 Females are more likely bend toward the exploration as we find in our research. It means that
girls are more explorative now- a-days as compare to boys. They want to learn more things and
apply in their life as compared to boys.
 Females do get more scholarships than males but this is causing her more study work stress on
their minds to maintain their CGPA to get benefit of their scholarship for a long.
 As we see the income rise among the parents of the students their interest in getting studies is
lacking and this leads them towards the less interest in knowledge as well as CGPA.

21. 21
 Most of the people between the age group of twenty-one to twenty-three belong from the area of
Sindh and Baluchistan is slightly greedier of getting good grades instead of getting knowledge.
 An interesting fact is also found in our research is that the students whose father’s occupation is
private servant and business man are limited to books and get higher grades based on their
bookish information instead of getting knowledge.
 Another fact is found in our research most of the people want to get good CGPA to cope with
their siblings as their parents and society push them towards getting good grades. Most of the
parents compare their good children in their own interested students in the field with dull child in
the same field.
 There is certain percentage of students on whom their degree is imposed and not of their own
choice. Although they are less in number but it matters a lot in their study and attitude towards
knowledge getting.
 Hard Work is always good. It is seen in our research that people who are hardworking are more
likely bend towards the knowledge. But it is also noticed that some people do hard work for their
bookish information because they cram the things only.
 Most of the people feel their selves secure for getting good job based on their CGPA in future. So
this is the main cause of people to get CGPA and they are going far from getting knowledge.
 People from the area of Islamabad feel more comfort while dealing with the public as compared
to the people of Gilgit Baltistan as they feel shy while dealing with public.
 Students whose father’s education is above masters they are more brand conscious as compared
to others.
 Lower class people mostly like Hiking trips and upper class like safaritrips. This shows the level
of exploration and physical fitness among the class difference. Low class people are more
explorative as compare to upper class.
 Motivation level of female is more than males according to results of the report. It means that the
females are more motivated than males which their interest in getting knowledge.
 People from the far areas are more conscious of getting knowledge of things as compared to
urban areas. But urban area people have more access towards getting information to increase their
knowledge.
References
 References that are used in this project are as follows:
 Class lectures

22. 22
 Questionnaire
 Group discussion:
 Internet
 Classroom

23. 23
{Exhibit 1}
ANOVA
Sum of
Squares
df Mean
Square
F Sig.
do you like to
implementbookish
knowlwdge in real
life?
Between
Groups
15.070 7 2.153 2.496 .020
Within
Groups
100.930 117 .863
Total 116.000 124
if you get 3gpa you
feel good?
Between
Groups
134.302 7 19.186 2.491 .020
Within
Groups
901.090 117 7.702
Total 1035.392 124
do you like to adapt
existing system?
Between
Groups
17.473 7 2.496 2.367 .027
Within
Groups
123.375 117 1.054
Total 140.848 124
{Exhibit *2}
ANOVA
Sum of
Square
s df
Mean
Square F Sig.
do you like
watching
discovery
documentarie
s?
Between
Groups
4.536 4 1.134 1.419 .232
Within
Groups
95.896 120 .799
Total 100.43
2
124
have you
ever tried to
open your toy
in your
childhood?
Between
Groups
18.530 4 4.632 4.415 .002
Within
Groups
125.90
2
120 1.049
Total 144.43
2
124
{Exhibit 3 }
One-Sample Test

24. 24
Test Value = 2
t df Sig. (2-
tailed)
Mean
Differenc
e
95% Confidence
Interval of the
Difference
Lower Upper
gender
-
12.36
1
124 .000 -.55200 -.6404 -.4636
have you ever
tried to open your
toy in your
childhood?
1.160 124 .248 .11200 -.0791 .3031
{Exhibit 2 }
One-Sample Test
Test Value = 0
t df Sig. (2-
tailed)
Mean
Difference
95% Confidence Interval
of the Difference
Lower Upper
gender 32.424 124 .000 1.44800 1.3596 1.5364
do you spend time
in reading things
aboutany
company?
27.359 124 .000 2.72000 2.5232 2.9168

25. 25
{Exhibit 1 Descriptive}
{Exhibit 6}
ANOVA
Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig.
do you like trips?
Between Groups 10.909 7 1.558 2.329 .029
Within Groups 78.291 117 .669
Total 89.200 124
do you feel comfortable while
dealing with people?
Between Groups 20.328 7 2.904 3.357 .003
Within Groups 101.224 117 .865
Total 121.552 124
haveyouevertriedtoopen
yourtoyinyourchildhood?
6.00
5.00
4.00
3.00
2.00
1.00
0.00
Frequency
40 30 20 10 0
haveyouevertriedtoopen
yourtoyinyourchildhood?
6.00
5.00
4.00
3.00
2.00
1.00
0.00
Frequency
403020100
gender
femalemale

26. 26
{Exhibit Graph 2}
age
above 2624-2621-2318-20
cgpa
3.6-4.0
3.1-3.5
2.6-3.0
0-2.5