Heart Anatomy and Physiology:Review

The Cardiovascular System A Review: The Heart

Heart ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Layers of the Heart Pericardium Myocardium Fibrous pericardium Serous pericardium (parietal layer) Pericardial space Serous pericardium (visceral layer - Epicardium) Endocardium

Valves of the Heart ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Valves of the Heart Tricuspid Valve Mitral Valve Pulmonic Valve Aortic Valve

Atrioventricular Valves ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Semilunar Valves ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Cardiac Conduction System ,[object Object],[object Object]

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Conduction System of the Heart

Coronary Arteries Atherosclerosis is an accumulation of fat on the inner walls of arteries. When coronary arteries become partially blocked…. angina When coronary arteries become significantly blocked…. myocardial infarction

Cardiac Cycle- refers to the events of one complete heart beat. The length of the cardiac cycle is usually about 0.8 sec. ,[object Object],[object Object]

Cardiac Output ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Stroke Volume Is Determined By Three Factors ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Preload ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Frank- Starling Law -the critical factor controlling stroke volume is how much the cardiac muscle cells are stretched just before the contract. The more they are stretched, the stronger the contraction will be. The important factor stretching the heart muscles is the venous return.

Factors Which Increase Preload ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Factors Which Decrease Preload ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Afterload ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Contractility ,[object Object],[object Object]

Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) Regulation of Cardiovascular System ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Subdivisions of ANS ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Heart Anatomy and Physiology:Review

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Heart Anatomy and Physiology:Review