xAPI for Instructional Designers
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xAPI is a specification that allows learning activities and experiences to be tracked across systems and applications. It provides a standardized way to send, receive, and store data about learning and performance. xAPI provides more detailed data than SCORM and can track both formal and informal learning experiences. There are several ways for instructional designers and organizations to implement xAPI, including using authoring tools, aggregators, custom code, or importing data from other systems. xAPI data needs to be organized and structured properly to ensure it is useful for analysis.
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xAPI for Instructional Designers
- 1. xAPI: An Intro for Instructional Designers Megan Torrance | mtorrance@torrancelearning.com TechLearn 2019, September 18, 2019 iStock_000015727078
- 2. Megan Torrance mtorrance@torrancelearning.com @MMTorrance | @xAPIGnome | @Tlearning
- 3. xAPI is … X = experience API = application programming interface Specification for sending, storing, retrieving activity about learning and performance experiences Not so much “next generation SCORM” as it is “what will replace SCORM.” Experience API is … Tin Can API is …
- 4. SCORM Time Score Location Status Answers Actor verb object Actor verb object result context xAPI lego.com
- 5. Learning Record Provider Content Activity Statements & Profiles Learning Record Store You Other & Legacy data Adobe Stock 158410923
- 6. Mohammed published a blog post titled “10 Ways xAPI is better than SCORM” Oron rated event xAPI for Instructional Designers 5 stars “coffee rocked, nice use of PowerPoint” with @MMTorrance Cynthia sold premium synthetic oil Ladan simulated landing at DTW successfully Arthi simulated landing at DTW successfully with a score of 98% in SimSuite #4 by Instructor Tim Claire read Business Writing for ProfessionalsJohn practiced frosting birthday cakes Lindsey watched the Company History video Rashad completed Oil Change Upselling Cynthia completed Oil Change Upselling score 60% Actor verb object result context
- 7. What can you do with xAPI? • Learn more about the learning experience – not just elearning • Learn more about the performance • Correlate learning with performance • Offer more targeted training • Support performance in better ways • Use data to learn with others • Connect data across different learning experiences • Compare performance and learning across learners • Deliver and track training outside of the LMS • Track offline training
- 8. 5 ways to send the data 1. Use your current elearning authoring tools 2. Get your product vendor to send the data 3. Use aggregator like xapiapps to assemble things that aren’t xAPI into a thing that is 4. Write some custom code 5. Import from business data
- 9. AUTHORING TOOLS Out of the box: • SCORM-like transactions • Individual page views • Actions and triggers (depends) With a little JavaScript or with xapi.ly: • Any action or trigger you want Bonus: use both xAPI and SCORM THIS LIST IS INCOMPLETE THIS LIST IS GROWING
- 11. OTHER ACTIVITY PROVIDERS Not really “authoring tools,” but very deep learning experiences, LXPs, LMCSes, etc. that send xAPI data. THIS LIST IS INCOMPLETE THIS LIST IS GROWING
- 12. xapiapps
- 13. Tools that originate outside of the L&D space are starting to adopt xAPI … because someone asked! THIS LIST IS INCOMPLETE THIS LIST IS GROWING
- 14. Social Individual Predictable Variable Learning Performance Formative Summative Learner Observer Environment Volume Velocity Variety Variability Value Veracity A cursory look at your learning & performance data
- 15. ! Design a solution to meet stated needs ! Remove a kidney stone ! Provide verbal feedback to teammates ! Collect & enter data accurately ! Nail roof shingles safely Practice in Training Know . . . Business Goal that solves a Business Problem Adapted from: Cathy Moore
- 16. Kirkpatrick Levels of Training Evaluation + Cathy Moore 16 Level 2 Level 3 Level 4 On the Job Behaviors ! Knowledge & Retention: Testing Business Results Level 1 Satisfaction & Experience
- 17. Brinkerhoff & Apking’s High Impact Learning Map Learning Objectives Critical Job Tasks Key Results Business Unit Results Organization Goals WHY? HOW?
- 18. Our brains are designed to forget 18 The Ebbinghaus forgetting curve https://www.learningsolutionsmag.com/articles/1400/brain- science-overcoming-the-forgetting-curve Spaced repetition “Boostering”
- 19. The 70/20/10 Learning from Others Learning from ExperienceFormal Learning We are here now
- 20. Gottfredson & Mosher’s (& Torrance’s) Moments of Learning Need & Opportunity 5 Moments of Learning Need: Gottfredson & Mosher 9 Moments of Opporunity: Torrance Apply New More Solve Change Before Prepare Remember Teach
- 21. Agile Project Management (LLAMA®) 21 A D I+E D I+E D DD D TIME
- 22. The Learning Record Store … receives, stores, gives back xAPI data … can be tested for conformance which ensures interoperability (https://adopters.adlnet.gov/) … is not a learning management system (LMS)
- 23. 3 ½ ways to receive data: the Learning Record Store 1. Your LMS has an LRS inside it. Your LMS has a conformant LRS inside it. 2. You send data to an LRS separate from an LMS. 3. You build your own LRS (the code is open source).
- 24. A typical LMS today (and who has just one?!?!) Users Course s Enrollments SCOR M Data Reporting Courses Classe s Certs Badges SocialLearning Messaging Performance,Talenthooks Reporting Game s Sims Perf Supp Dash boards eCommerce Import/Export to Biz Data
- 25. The integrated approach Users Course s Enrollments SCOR M Data Reporting Courses Classe s Certs Badges SocialLearning Messaging Performance,Talenthooks Reporting Game s Sims Perf Supp Dash boards eCommerce Import/Export to Biz Data LRS SCOR M data
- 27. The sidecar approach Users Course s Enrollments SCOR M Data Reporting Courses Classe s Certs Badges SocialLearning Messaging Performance,Talenthooks Reporting Game s Sims Perf Supp Dash boards eCommerce Import/Export to Biz Data Learning Record Provider Learning Record Provider LRS
- 31. LEARNING RECORD STORES Out of the box: • Data storage & retrieval • Visualizations & reporting Connecting to analytics • Tableau, Microsoft BI, Envision BI, etc. UP TO DATE LIST OF CONFORMANT LRS: https://adopters.adlnet.gov/ THIS LIST IS INCOMPLETE THIS LIST IS GROWING 31
- 32. LMSes WITH LRS INSIDE Out of the box: • Learning management functions • SCORM & AICC • Full xAPI LRS • Data includes both LMS & xAPI UP TO DATE LIST OF CONFORMANT LRS: https://adopters.adlnet.gov/ THIS LIST IS INCOMPLETE THIS LIST IS GROWING LearnShare 32
- 33. LMSes WITH “xAPI SUPPORT” These are non-conformant LRSes. Out of the box: • Learning management functions • SCORM & AICC • Launch &/or store xAPI They may struggle with: • Accepting statements from outside the LMS • Reporting data in extensions THIS LIST IS INCOMPLETE THIS LIST IS GROWING 33
- 34. LMSes THAT CONNECT TO YOUR LRS These systems are learning record providers. What you can expect: • xAPI statements from courses & experiences • Non-SCORM LMS activity, too • To buy an LRS also THIS LIST IS INCOMPLETE THIS LIST IS GROWING 34
- 36. How do I make sure that the data isn’t a total mess?
- 37. Actor verb object result context mtorrance@torrancelearning.com mtorrrrance@torrancelearning.com mmtorrance@gmail.com mmtorrance mmtorrance (on learning.acme.com) @MMTorrance 6822984230
- 38. Follow a guide: http://xapi.vocab.pub Use profiles Make up your own Actor verb object result context
- 39. Create & organize unique identifiers (not actual URLs) Follow a guide to activity types: http://xapi.vocab.pub Know what your software sends https://acme.com/xapi/activities/elearning/coursetitle/moduletitle/activityname https://acme.com/xapi/activities/video/videotitle https://acme.com/xapi/activities/ebook/ebooktitle https://acme.com/xapi/curricula/curriculumtitle Sample structure Actor verb object result context
- 40. Use profiles: http://xapi.vocab.pub Store activity result data Authoring packages should do this already for you Actor verb object result context
- 41. Use profiles: http://xapi.vocab.pub Parents, Categories, Grouping help keep you organized Make up your own Actor verb object result context
- 42. What can you do with the data? Evaluate & improve the learning experience Dashboards and visualizations for decision- making Personalization of pathways Recommendations for content Action triggers & rules
- 43. Find your collaborators . Make friends with your software vendors. LearnShare
- 44. Start learning more … xAPI Camp xAPI Hands-On & Geek-Free ATD LearnNow Learning Solutions Magazine xAPI Learning Cohort Fall Cohort Started 9/5 www.learnxapi.com Vendor sites
- 45. Get started! xapicohort.com Free 12-week, vendor-neutral learning-by-doing-in-teams experience. Weekly web meetings 2-3pm ET (recorded). Winter/Spring & Fall Ad hoc teams form to tackle a project together and provide weekly report- outs.
- 46. FORMING STORMING NORMING PERFORMING xAPI needs geeks Geek-free tools emerge Communities of Practice work to define usage Conformance & Certification emerge Project Tin Can Specification Standard More common than SCORM Is xAPI ready for prime time?