The document discusses the application of a fluidized bed reactor coupled with advanced oxidation processes for wastewater treatment. It begins with an introduction on the need for improved wastewater treatment methods due to increasing water demand and limits on wastewater discharge. It then covers advanced oxidation processes like Fenton oxidation and photocatalytic oxidation that use hydroxyl radicals to break down pollutants. A fluidized bed reactor provides advantages like improved contact between pollutants and catalyst. Factors affecting the fluidized bed behavior are also examined. In conclusion, using a fluidized bed reactor with advanced oxidation processes can increase degradation rates, address drawbacks of conventional methods, and provide an efficient wastewater treatment approach.

1. APPLICATION OF FLUDIZED BED REACTOR COUPLED
WITH ADVANCED OXIDATION PROCESS FOR
WASTEWATER TREATMENT
Presented by
Titikshya Mohapatra

2. CONTENT
❖ Introduction
• Discharge Limit
• Wastewater Treatment
❖ Advanced Oxidation Processes
• Fenton Oxidation
• Ozonation
• Photocatalytic Oxidation
• Advantages of AOPs
• Limitations Of Fenton Process
❖ Fludization
❖ Fludized Bed Reactor
• Types Of Fludized Bed Reactor For Wastewater Treatment
• Contact Pattern Of Fludized Bed Reactor
• Factors Affect The Fludized Bed Behaviour
❖ Conclusion

3. Introduction: Why wastewater treatment is critical?
• India has 2.45% of land and 4% of water resources of the world but represents 16% population.
– With present annual population growth-rate (1.9% ), population will be to be 1.5 bn+ by 2050
• GoI has estimated the water demand increase from 710 BCM in 2010 to ~1180 BCM in 2050
– Domestic and industrial water consumption expected to increase almost 2.5 times.
Find alternate source: convert sea water
into usable water
Imbalance between supply and demand
Find ways to regenerate the used water
Scope of the presentation
Current state of water regeneration
● Current capacity of sewage water treatment is ~30% of total generation
○ Major reason for less expansion is high costs, heavy maintenance and poor process efficiency
○ Recalcitrant pollutant are hard to remove from sewage water making recycled water to be
usable in limited ways

4. Sources of waste-water and permissible limits
PARAMETER PERMISSIBLE LIMIT
pH 6.5 ̴ 8.5
COD (mg/L) 250
BOD (mg/L) 30
O & G (mg/L) 10
Flouride (mg/L) 5
Hexavalent Chromium (mg/L) 0.1
Iron (mg/L) 3
Total Chromium (mg/L) 2
Manganese (mg/L) 2
Tss (mg/L) 100
Cyanide (mg/L) 0.2
Phenolic Compounds (mg/L) 1
Sulphide (mg/L) 2
Permissible limits defined by CPCB for
wastewater discharge
● Seeing the criticality, Central pollution
control board releases permissible limits
for water discharge
● However, current waste-water treatment
methods poses a threat to environmental
sustainability and hinders the efforts of
many industries to adopt cleaner
production through zero-discharge and
subsequent wastewater reuse
There is a need of effective waste water treatment method and advanced oxidation processes using
fluidized based reactor presents such opportunity

5. Waste water treatment can be performed at 4 levels
Level 1
Preliminary Treatment
We are separating coarse and large size particles by screening
Level 2
Primary Treatment
Level 3
Secondary Treatment
Level 4
Tertiary Treatment
Objective of this treatment is the removal of settle-able organic and
inorganic solids by sedimentation.
Removing the residual organics and suspended solids by biological
treeatment
Aim is to remove particular contaminant or to prepare the water for
reuse

6. Advanced Oxidation Processes: Introduction
Wastewater
Treatment
Advanced Oxidation
Processes
Fenton Oxidation
Photo Fenton
Oxidation
Electro Fenton
Oxidation
Photocatalytic
Oxidation
Conventional Treatment
Methods
Ozonation
• AOP: Promising methods for the remediation of wastewaters containing recalcitrant organic compounds
• AOPs involved two stages of oxidation:
– Formation of strong oxidants (.OH radicals)
– Reaction of these oxidants with organic contaminants in water
• Advantages of OH radicals:
– Effective in destroying organic chemicals -- Oxidation potential of 2.33 V
– Exhibit faster rates of oxidation reactions

7. Hydroxyl Radical mechanism and types of Oxidants
R + .OH ROH Radical addition
R + .OH R
. + H2O Hydrogen abstraction
Rn + .OH Rn-1 + OH
- e- transfer
Sl. No. Oxidant Oxidation potential (V)
1. Fluorine 3.03
2. Hydroxyl radical 2.80
3. Atomic Oxygen 2.42
4. Ozone 2.07
5. Hydrogen peroxide 1.78
6. Perhydroxyl radical 1.70
7. Permanganate 1.68
8. Hypobromous acid 1.59
9. Chlorine dioxide 1.57
10. Hypochlorous acid 1.57
Hydroxyl radical in AOP process provides opportunity to use oxidant of second highest oxidation
potential giving a leverage over conventional methods

8. Fenton Oxidation
Photo Fenton Oxidation Electro Fenton Oxidation
Factors affecting Fenton Process
● pH
● Hydrogen Peroxide concentration
● Temperature
● Ferrous ion concentration (Catalyst)

9. Ozonation
Ozone is used to oxidize the organic pollutant

10. Photocatalytic Oxidation
• UV light n catalyst both used in this oxidation

11. Pros and Conc.s of AOPs

12. Fluidization and Fluidized bed reactor
Fluidization:
● A type of fluid-solid contact
● Fluidization is a process in which solids are caused
to behave like a fluid by blowing gas or liquid
upwards through the solid-filled reactor
Fluidized Bed Reactor:
● The material fluidized is a solid (catalyst).
● The fluidizing medium is either a gas or a liquid.
Advantages of Fluidized Bed Reactor:
● Capacity
● Mixing
● Catalyst Replacement

13. TYPES OF FBR FOR WASTEWATER TREATMENT
CLASSIFICATION OF
FBR FOR
WASTEWATER
TREATMENT
BASED ON REACTANT
PHASE
2-PHASE FBR 3-PHASE FBR
BASED ON
DIRECTION OF
FLUIDIZATION
UPFLOW
(CONVENTIONAL)
FBR
DOWNFLOW
(INVERSE) FBR

14. Contact pattern of Fluidized Based Reactor

15. Status of approach fluid velocity (V0 ) Type of bed formed
V 0 < V mf Fixed Bed
V mf ≥ V0 < U t Fluidized Bed
V 0≥ U t Mobilized Bed
V 0 = Approach fluid velocity
V mf = Minimum fluidization velocity
U t = Particle terminal velocity
Velocity Approach and Bed material
• Bed material or Carrier Material is the one through which the fluid flows.
e.g – Silicon Dioxide, Catalyst
– Characteristics of Silicon Dioxide
• Density- 2.65 g/cm³
• Inert
• Stability in water
• Stable at elevated temperature
• Low cost

16. FACTORS
Minimum
Fluidization
Velocity (Vmf)
Bed Expansion
Ratio (R)
Bed
Fluctuation
Ratio (r)
Bed Pressure
Drop (ΔP)
Factors affecting fluidized bed behaviour
Minimum Fluidization Velocity
The minimum fluidization velocity is the
superficial liquid velocity at which the bed
becomes fluidized for a given superficial gas
velocity.
Bed Pressure drop
When a fluid flows through a bed of particles
in a tube, it will exert a drag force upon the
particles resulting in a pressure drop across
the bed.
Bed Expansion Ratio
It describe the characteristics of bed height
during fluidization. It depends on Gas velocity,
Particle size, Initial bed height
Bed Fluctuation Ratio
It describe the characteristics of the bed
height during fluidization
ΔP=(m/ρp × Sb)(ρp - ρf)g
ΔP=(m/ρp × Sb)(ρp - ρf)g
Where , m= Mass of particle, ρp= Density of particle, ρf= Density of fluid, Sb =Cross sectional area of bed,
g= Gravitational acceleration, Hmax=Maximum bed height, Hmin=Minimum bed height,
Hs=Static bed height
R= Havg/Hstatic = (Hmax + Hmin)/2×Hs
r= Hmax /Hmin

17. • Using fluidized bed reactor in wastewater treatment through advanced oxidation process increases
degradation rate of pollutants.
• It helps in solving some of the drawbacks of the conventional treatment technologies.
• It is a cost effective and time saving process.
Conclusion

18. THANK YOU