1. People of Portuguese & Spanish Colonies in America By Tiffany Jacobs HIST 140 (#50607)

2. Diego Vasicuio(Spanish) Male Early-mid 17th Century Climax of story takes place in May, 1671 From the Village of Salamanca In Southern Peru Chose to live under the influence of Spanish rule Wanted to be near sacred hillside cave of Canuea Participated in the Mita System Forced by Spanish into labor program On a 2 month rotation Paid to work at dangerous mines, or haciendas, or textile workshops

3. Diego Vasicuiocontinued Religious Chief Priest Custodian of his ‘god’, “Sorimana” Enthusiastic supporter of his cult Performed religious ceremonies, offered sacrifices & prayers Subject of a heresy charge by Spanish Catholic priest Father de Prado demanded surrender of his ‘god’ Demanded repentance from witchcraft and idolatry Diego preserved his ritual, religion & ‘god’ Surrender a fake idol and acted repentant Adapted to the demands of the Catholic church to survive

4. Francisco Baquero(Spanish) Male Mid-Late 1700’s, beginning about 1776 Born in Buenos Aires Lived in Buenos Aires until death or migration by 1810 Mestizo Non-white, dark skinned, claimed to be Indian at times Conveniently indecisive about his social/race group Shoemaker Started as apprentice at 12 years old Became a journeyman 4 years later Failed at attempts to organize/influence shoemaker guild

5. Francisco Baquerocontinued Master Shoemakers and Artisans try to form a guild Repeated attempts at elections & drafts of constitutions Three major groups and leaders at war Romero & anti-foreigner group Baquero & non-whites Foreigners & recent immigrants from Spain Baquero’s conflict Wanted social standing that guild membership provided Did not care which race or group was excluded as long as he was a part of the other group Was unsuccessful at final attempt to establish a casta guild for non-whites/mestizos/blacks Died a bitter and angry man in isolation

6. Beatriz de Padilla (Spanish) Female, 30 years old, unmarried Mid 1600’s, 1650 was time of inquisition Born in Lagos Near Guadalajara in New Spain (Mexico) Mulatta Although she claimed to be a lighter-skinned Morisca Daughter of a white man and mulatta mother Housekeeper and Mistress She was born a slave and given her freedom Excelled at being a mistress!

7. Beatriz de Padilla Continued Accused Murderess and Sorceress Accused of poisoning her lover/father of her child, a priest, Diego Ortiz Saavedra Accused of sorcery in maddening of her lover/father of her children, lord mayor of Juchipila, don Diego de las Marinas Trial was a convoluted, complex “soap opera” Witnesses were embittered ex-servants Many involved had a connection to Beatriz or her lovers, their brothers/sisters/wives, etc. Beatriz the saint? Her story is glorified by explanation that Beatriz guaranteed the survival of her race by “breeding” with whites She did not conform to cultural & social regulations because her skin color did not require her to She was obstinate & flippant about her charms being “between her legs” She was considered a “Jezebel” by others but this story portrays her as a hero

8. Micaela Angela Carrillo (Spanish) Female, married to Juan Tapia y Luna, later widowed Mid to Late 1700’s Nuestra Senora de Asuncion Amozoque Modern-day Amazoc Large Indian population compared to the rest of Mexico Spanish & Indian – she operated and was respected in both circles Daughter of Spaniard, Diego Carrillo & Indian cacique of Amozoque, Maria Gutierrez Not being an Indian, she had greater freedom Landowner & Manufacturer of Pulque Performed “man’s labor”, rode horses, worked in fields Hard working, purchased land, contributed to religious groups, provided for her children Retained her independence

9. MicaelaAngela Carrillo Continued Property battle between son & illegitimate daughter Three children with husband & three illegitimate daughters Distributed most of her property prior to her death to guarantee her illegitimate daughter’s could receive property Divided property according to Indian law After her death, son Estaban, who had received largest share of Micaela’s property, filed lawsuit against sister, Maria Antonia He won but later an appeal overturned the decision Micaela’s industriousness guaranteed her independence Despite patriarchal society Provided for all of her children & daughters too

10. Damiana da Cunha (Portuguese) Female 18th Century, baptized in 1780 Goiasof Brazil She lived in Sao Jose or Maria Primeria Member of the Caiapo Granddaughter of Angrai-Oxa Indians Lived in the Aldeia Many roles, no occupation Heroine, teacher, missionary, mediator, expedition leader

11. Damiana da Cunha Continued Adapted to Settled Way of Life Intelligent, well spoken, brave, Christian Wanted the Caiapo to adapt to the new civilized way of life offered in the Aldeia Acted on her Christian beliefs to bring Caiapo back repeatedly to civilization Catechized Indians of the Goias Died trying to keep the dream of Christian peace alive Believed the civilized life was the way to save her people from extinction

12. Catarina de Monte Sinay(Portuguese) Female, nun Late 1600’s to Late 1700’s Bahia, Brazil Desterro Convent Father born in Portugal and emigrated to Brazil Nun and entrepeneur Sold sweets Made loans Rented houses Gave gifts Owned slaves

13. Catarina de Monte SinayContinued Deeply committed and content Spent her life doing business Attributed that talent to her father Amassed significant wealth in her lifetime Made generous gifts to the chapel Was proud the gifts were functional and decorative At her death she was deeply concerned about confessing her sins of entrepreneurialism All was done without the permission of the archbishop Applied her talents for the good of others and was so humble she doubted her salvation – truest form of religion!