3/22/2011 presentation for CUA preservation class on overview of digital reformatting and digital preservation

1. Digital Reformatingfor Preservation I don’t think that word means what you think it means Keri Thompson :: Web Services Department :: Smithsonian Institution Libraries www.sil.si.edu :: thompsonk@si.edu :: @DigiKeri_SIL March 22, 2011

2. Digital reformatting – sure Digital preservation – ok, this is a little tricky Digital reformatting for preservation …or is it Digital reformatting and preservation? Digital Reformatingfor Preservation Keri Thompson :: Web Services Department :: Smithsonian Institution Libraries www.sil.si.edu :: thompsonk@si.edu :: @DigiKeri_SIL

3. Digital Reformating aka Digitization Been doing it for over 20 years Equipment keeps getting better Variety of output formats Works great for access Image: SIL staff digitizing book Keri Thompson :: Web Services Department :: Smithsonian Institution Libraries www.sil.si.edu :: thompsonk@si.edu :: @DigiKeri_SIL

4. Digital Reformating Imaging basics Pixels – 1s and 0s Resolution ppi/dpi True ppi (dpi) Scanning books Color vs. grayscale vs. b&w File formats & compression Keri Thompson :: Web Services Department :: Smithsonian Institution Libraries www.sil.si.edu :: thompsonk@si.edu :: @DigiKeri_SIL

5. Digital Reformating Imaging for Books Metadata, metadata, metadata Regular library stuff, like MARC, DC or MODS Structural metadata Rights metadata OCR Additional file formats System for storage, display Keri Thompson :: Web Services Department :: Smithsonian Institution Libraries www.sil.si.edu :: thompsonk@si.edu :: @DigiKeri_SIL

6. Digital Reformating Imaging for Books Equipment choices Camera on a stand Flatbed scanners Dual-camera models Robots vs. humans! Page curvature Depth of field issues OCR Keri Thompson :: Web Services Department :: Smithsonian Institution Libraries www.sil.si.edu :: thompsonk@si.edu :: @DigiKeri_SIL

7. After 20+ years, we’re still working on it Storage need growing exponentially Expertise and infrastructure getting better Continuous process, not one time action “The series of managed activities necessary to ensure continued access to digital materials for as long as necessary.” Digital Preservation Keri Thompson :: Web Services Department :: Smithsonian Institution Libraries www.sil.si.edu :: thompsonk@si.edu :: @DigiKeri_SIL

8. Digital Preservation Use of “preservation” is a little misleading to those in library-land not about conservation or restoration not about backup procedures or media on which data is stored no concept of “keeping it for 500 years” or any notion of permanence will often hear people use Digital Curation interchangeably Image: t.p. from Wm Morris ed. Of Canterbury Tales Keri Thompson :: Web Services Department :: Smithsonian Institution Libraries www.sil.si.edu :: thompsonk@si.edu :: @DigiKeri_SIL

9. Difficulties (short version) Media on which digital objects are stored have uncertain lifespan. Digital objects are easy to change, either maliciously or accidentally! Digital objects can be very complex, website w/ media, or simple but dependant on hardware/software WordStar document. Digital Preservation Keri Thompson :: Web Services Department :: Smithsonian Institution Libraries www.sil.si.edu :: thompsonk@si.edu :: @DigiKeri_SIL

10. Digital Preservation Issues are as much organizational as technological. Making sure that the files that make up your digital object are understandable when you need them. Making sure you can find the digital object you need Ensuring that the digital object is what it says it is Image: t.p. from Wm Morris ed. Of Canterbury Tales Keri Thompson :: Web Services Department :: Smithsonian Institution Libraries www.sil.si.edu :: thompsonk@si.edu :: @DigiKeri_SIL

11. Digital Reformatting for Preservation Digital reformatting for preservation of the analog object vs. Digital reformatting and preservation of the digital object (guess which is easier?) Image: t.p. from Wm Morris ed. Of Canterbury Tales Keri Thompson :: Web Services Department :: Smithsonian Institution Libraries www.sil.si.edu :: thompsonk@si.edu :: @DigiKeri_SIL

12. Digital Reformatting for Preservation Digital Capture Best Practices Resolution – true ppi, 400ppi Color fidelity (color space, bit depth) Camera, monitor, and target calibration FADGI http://www.digitizationguidelines.gov/ File formats – RAW, tiff, jpg2000 METS and PREMIS for description, or create “self describing” information packets Image: color target for camera calibration Keri Thompson :: Web Services Department :: Smithsonian Institution Libraries www.sil.si.edu :: thompsonk@si.edu :: @DigiKeri_SIL

13. Digital Reformatting for Preservation Preservation Best Practices Establish & support processes & policies Multiple copies (LOCKSS) Auditing - data integrity & security (checksums) Hardware/software and wetware that support OAIS model Tiered architecture: Online-Nearline-Offline, replicate-able and expandable Files are findable & Accessable - DOIs Image: Smithsonian Libraries Research Annex Keri Thompson :: Web Services Department :: Smithsonian Institution Libraries www.sil.si.edu :: thompsonk@si.edu :: @DigiKeri_SIL

14. Digital Reformatting for Preservation No one can go it alone Cooperatives and Services Datavers, MetaArchive Internet Archive, DuraSpace/DuraCloud Image: Smithsonian Libraries Research Annex Keri Thompson :: Web Services Department :: Smithsonian Institution Libraries www.sil.si.edu :: thompsonk@si.edu :: @DigiKeri_SIL

15. Digital Reformatting for the Preservation Department Be involved in the process! training scanners for book handling, reviewing condition making sure conservation/repair/rehousing is part of the workflow (minimum at least indicate what items need treatment) lighting (strobes vs. hot lights) things with platens, flatbeds, etc. Image: t.p. from Wm Morris ed. Of Canterbury Tales Keri Thompson :: Web Services Department :: Smithsonian Institution Libraries www.sil.si.edu :: thompsonk@si.edu :: @DigiKeri_SIL

16. Digital Imaging Primer from Cornell http://www.library.cornell.edu/preservation/tutorial/contents.html FADGI Federal Agencies Digitization Guideline Initiative www.digitizationguidelines.gov/ NDIIP National Digital Information Infrastructure & Preservation Program (LC) http://www.digitalpreservation.gov/ Digital Preservation Primer by Michael Day, UKOLN via JISC (UK) http://www.slideshare.net/michaelday/digital-preservation-an-introduction APA Alliance for Permanent Access (EU) http://www.alliancepermanentaccess.org/ Digital Preservation Coalition (UK) http://www.dpconline.org/ Digital Reformatting and Preservation Resources

17. Thank You! Keri Thompson Smithsonian Institution Libraries www.sil.si.edu thompsonk@si.edu :: @DigiKeri_SIL Digital Reformatting for Preservation