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Entwicklung
Funktion / Arten
Auswirkungen / Schäden
Tests / Angriffe
ENTWICKLUNG
- Erste Idee zur Kernwaffe: 1933 von Leó Szilárd
- Theoretische Basis: neutroneninduzierten Urankernspaltung
(entdeckt von Otto Hahn und Fritz Straßmann)
- 1942: Start des Manhattan-Projekts in Los Alamos, New Mexiko
- 1945: Kernwaffeneinsatz im Krieg (Hiroshima, Nagasaki)
- Nach WWII nur langsame Weiterentwicklung
- 1952: Erste Tests von Wasserstoffbomben
Entwicklung – Funktion / Arten – Auswirkungen / Schäden – Tests / Angriffe
FUNKTION / ARTEN
Atombombe (Kernspaltung)
- Spaltung von spaltbarem Material in Sekundenbruchteilen
- Material z.B. Uran 235, Plutonium
Entwicklung – Funktion / Arten – Auswirkungen / Schäden – Tests / Angriffe
1 2 3 4 5
FUNKTION / ARTEN
Wasserstoffbombe (Kernfusion)
- Verschmelzung von Atomkernen
- Energie wird von Kernspaltung erzeugt
Entwicklung – Funktion / Arten – Auswirkungen / Schäden – Tests / Angriffe
1 2 3 4 5
AUSWIRKUNGEN / SCHÄDEN
1. Explosion
- Radius bis zu 20km (2/3 Berlins)
- Stärke je nach Art der Bombe unterschiedlich
Atombombe
- zwischen 10 - 30 Kilotonnen TNT (30.000 t)
Wasserstoffbombe
- zwischen 1 - 20 Megatonnen TNT (20.000.000 t)
2. Thermische Strahlung
- Temperatur im Explosionskern: 60 – 100 Mio. °C
Entwicklung – Funktion / Arten – Auswirkungen / Schäden – Tests / Angriffe
AUSWIRKUNGEN / SCHÄDEN
3. Druckwelle
- Je nach Explosionsgröße
- Große Schäden vor allem in dicht besiedelten Gebieten
4. Radioaktivität
- Gebietsgröße abhängig von Bombenart, Wind & Wetter
- Abhängig auch von Höhe der Zündung
(Unterwasser, Untergrund, Boden, Luft, Atmosphäre)
- minimal Radius der Explosion, i.d.R. doppelt so groß
Entwicklung – Funktion / Arten – Auswirkungen / Schäden – Tests / Angriffe
TESTS / ANGRIFFE
Tests
16.07.1945 1. Kernwaffentest, Los Alamos, New Mexico, USA
30.10.1961 Zar-Bombe, Nowaja Semlja, UdSSR
Explosionskraft: 50-60 MT, Radius: 35km
Entwicklung – Funktion / Arten – Auswirkungen / Schäden – Tests / Angriffe
Angriffe
06.08.1945 Hiroshima, Japan
09.08.1945 Nagasaki, Japan (ursprüngliches Ziel: Kokura)
- Befehl zum Angriff kam von Harry S. Truman
- über 150.000 Tote, Anzahl der Strahlenopfer
unbekannt
QUELLEN
http://nuclearweaponarchive.org/Nwfaq/Nfaq0.html
http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kernwaffe
http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kernwaffentechnik
http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kernwaffenexplosion
http://www.wissen.de/welche-reichweite-und-welches-schadenausmass-haben-
atombomben

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Kernwaffen

  • 1. Entwicklung Funktion / Arten Auswirkungen / Schäden Tests / Angriffe
  • 2. ENTWICKLUNG - Erste Idee zur Kernwaffe: 1933 von Leó Szilárd - Theoretische Basis: neutroneninduzierten Urankernspaltung (entdeckt von Otto Hahn und Fritz Straßmann) - 1942: Start des Manhattan-Projekts in Los Alamos, New Mexiko - 1945: Kernwaffeneinsatz im Krieg (Hiroshima, Nagasaki) - Nach WWII nur langsame Weiterentwicklung - 1952: Erste Tests von Wasserstoffbomben Entwicklung – Funktion / Arten – Auswirkungen / Schäden – Tests / Angriffe
  • 3. FUNKTION / ARTEN Atombombe (Kernspaltung) - Spaltung von spaltbarem Material in Sekundenbruchteilen - Material z.B. Uran 235, Plutonium Entwicklung – Funktion / Arten – Auswirkungen / Schäden – Tests / Angriffe 1 2 3 4 5
  • 4. FUNKTION / ARTEN Wasserstoffbombe (Kernfusion) - Verschmelzung von Atomkernen - Energie wird von Kernspaltung erzeugt Entwicklung – Funktion / Arten – Auswirkungen / Schäden – Tests / Angriffe 1 2 3 4 5
  • 5. AUSWIRKUNGEN / SCHÄDEN 1. Explosion - Radius bis zu 20km (2/3 Berlins) - Stärke je nach Art der Bombe unterschiedlich Atombombe - zwischen 10 - 30 Kilotonnen TNT (30.000 t) Wasserstoffbombe - zwischen 1 - 20 Megatonnen TNT (20.000.000 t) 2. Thermische Strahlung - Temperatur im Explosionskern: 60 – 100 Mio. °C Entwicklung – Funktion / Arten – Auswirkungen / Schäden – Tests / Angriffe
  • 6. AUSWIRKUNGEN / SCHÄDEN 3. Druckwelle - Je nach Explosionsgröße - Große Schäden vor allem in dicht besiedelten Gebieten 4. Radioaktivität - Gebietsgröße abhängig von Bombenart, Wind & Wetter - Abhängig auch von Höhe der Zündung (Unterwasser, Untergrund, Boden, Luft, Atmosphäre) - minimal Radius der Explosion, i.d.R. doppelt so groß Entwicklung – Funktion / Arten – Auswirkungen / Schäden – Tests / Angriffe
  • 7. TESTS / ANGRIFFE Tests 16.07.1945 1. Kernwaffentest, Los Alamos, New Mexico, USA 30.10.1961 Zar-Bombe, Nowaja Semlja, UdSSR Explosionskraft: 50-60 MT, Radius: 35km Entwicklung – Funktion / Arten – Auswirkungen / Schäden – Tests / Angriffe Angriffe 06.08.1945 Hiroshima, Japan 09.08.1945 Nagasaki, Japan (ursprüngliches Ziel: Kokura) - Befehl zum Angriff kam von Harry S. Truman - über 150.000 Tote, Anzahl der Strahlenopfer unbekannt

Notas do Editor

  1. 1 = Initialzündung der Sprengsätze 2 = Ausbreitung der Explosion im Inneren in Richtung Atomkern 3 = Explosion verdichtet Uran > spaltet diesen, startet Kettenreaktion 4 = Kernspaltung erzeugt Energie und setzt Kettenreaktion fort 5 = Explosion
  2. 1 = Erklärung des Aufbaus 2 = Zündung des Atomsprengsatzes 3 = Energie wird frei 4 = führt zu Kernfusion 5 = Explosion
  3. 30.000 t TNT = 1 Freiheitsstatue 20.000.000 t TNT = 666 Freiheitsstatuen / 55 Empire State Buildings