This document summarizes information presented at the Reducing Suicide Summit 2011. It provides statistics on suicide rates nationally and in the Cheshire and Merseyside region. High-risk groups for suicide are identified as men under 50, those in mental health care, offenders, and people who self-harm. Methods discussed include hanging, poisoning, and jumping from heights. Strategies to reduce suicide rates involve limiting access to lethal means, promoting mental health, and responsible media reporting.
11. Deaths from Suicide and undetermined injury by method and sex, England 2009 Males Females Source: Office for National Statistics
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14. Ambulance call out data Source: Trauma & Injury Intelligence Group (TIIG) Self‐harm in Merseyside: an analysis of emergency department, hospital admissions and ambulance data
27. Death rates from Intentional Self-harm and Injury of Undetermined Intent in England 1993-2009 Death rate per 100,000 population Rates are calculated using the European Standard Population to take account of differences in age structure. 3 year average Suicide rate in England H I A T Health Improvement Analytical Team Monitoring Unit
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30. Suicide in young men Age standardised death rate per 100,000 population Males 20-34 Persons, All Ages Three-year average rate , plotted against middle year of average (1969-2009) Males 35-49 2008 Source: ONS H I A T Health Improvement Analytical Team Monitoring Unit
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32. Suicide rate by age and gender, England 2009 Source: ONS Mortality data 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 Under 10 10 - 19 20 - 29 30 - 39 40 - 49 50 - 59 60 - 69 70 - 79 80 and over Age group Males Females Age standardised death rate per 100,000 population Source: ONS Mortality data 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 Under 10 10 - 19 20 - 29 30 - 39 40 - 49 50 - 59 60 - 69 70 - 79 80 and over Age group Males Females Age standardised death rate per 100,000 population
33. In-patient suicides - methods Source: National Confidential Inquiry into Suicide and Homicide by People with Mental Illness
40. Source: HM Prison Service Year Self-inflicted deaths in prison England H I A T Monitoring Unit
41. Suicide after prison release Time from release (28 day periods) Source: Pratt et al, Lancet 2006 No. suicides
42. Rate of suicide by method, 1987-1998, men 15-49 Source: Amos et al, Psych Med 2001 No. deaths per 100,000 pop.
43. Suicide methods England 2009 Source: Office for National Statistics (ONS) 56% 15% 5% 4% 7% Males total deaths 3,336 7% 4% 2% 39% 33% Jumping/lying/falling before moving object Hanging, strangling and suffocation Drug - related poisoning Other poisoning including motor gas Sharp object Smoke, fire & flames Firearms & explosives Drowning Jumping/falling from high place Other 3% 3% 3% 3% 1% 3% 8% 2% 0.4% Females total deaths 1,063 2% Key Source: Office for National Statistics (ONS) 56% 15% 5% 4% 7% Males total deaths 3,336 7% 4% 2% 39% 33% Jumping/lying/falling before moving object Hanging, strangling and suffocation Drug - related poisoning Other poisoning including motor gas Sharp object Smoke, fire & flames Firearms & explosives Drowning Jumping/falling from high place Other 3% 3% 3% 3% 1% 3% 8% 2% 0.4% Females total deaths 1,063 2% Key
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45. Source: Hawton et al, BMJ, 2009 Suicides by analgesic poisoning
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56. Colin Vose Network Director MH Chair of Cheshire & Merseyside Suicide Reduction Network
Notas do Editor
Suicide rates in England are declining Observation from experience of working with coroners’ records that some deaths likely to be suicides are assigned a verdict of accident or misadventure Definition of suicide Coroner has to be satisfied ‘beyond reasonable doubt’ that the death was suicide Research community definition refers to the ‘balance of probability’ If coroners’ practice varies across time and/or method then this will effect: interpretation of temporal trends observations on commonly used methods of suicide (and therefore policy priorities) monitoring of the effectiveness of strategies employed to reduce suicide
There has been a significant reduction in suicides over the last 10 years or so, at an England, and North West level. Likewise in Merseyside there has been a reduction that has meant over the last couple of years for rate has fallen below the England level. Despite improvements, over the last 12 months there has been an observed increase across the board.
Not all deliberate self harm Need to establish a clear picture, limitation / sketchy
In 2009, Across North West - 707 suicides & injury undetermined (3/4 are males). Merseyside and Cheshire – 191 (3/4 are males) Merseyside – 95 Cheshire - 96 This is the best estimates we have at the moment, as we have some technical issues to resolve before we can get a more accurate picture locally through the sub-regional database that we have set up. Some identified hotspot areas – waterways and bridges, but on the whole the pattern is similar to the national picture with the majority of suicides occurring in the home and many through hanging.
This slide shows the suicide mortality trend data for each Primary care Trust Area between 1995 and 2009. Overall there has been an decrease in the rate per 100,000 population across the patch, but when you look at the individual areas there is a lot of variability from year to year due to the low numbers involved. Numbers are small in actual numbers, so only an increase of 2 or 3 suicides in one area can have a huge impact on rates. Partly why we are looking at data on a bigger footprint area, which is less sensitive.
Over the last 5 years, March 2005 – April 2010, there has been 48 suicide deaths For a Borough of approximately 150,000 people ¾ of all suicide deaths were men – similar to nationally, but higher proportion under age of 50 – with 62% of all deaths were men aged under 50.- Trend in increase in females/older ages. Over 3/4 hangings, for males and females, of other methods, around ¼ of females self poisoning. Half physical health / half mental health Almost 50% in employment
Isabelle put together this slide based on the most recent data on the WHO website. Some countries still only have data as recent as 1997, but most have more updated data than this.
In January last year, The Evening Standard, Times and Sun all published this picture of this female lawyer leaping to her death Times received nearly 40 complaints from readers Lead to five complaints to PCC but ruled not breach of obligation to ‘handle publication sensitively’ at times of grief and shock; wrong to restrict right to report newsworthly events that take place in public, even of an unusual death But criticised Standard for not ascertaining whether relatives had been informed before publishing But as part of review of the code in 2006 new sub-clause introduced ….