2. What we know so far:
• Plagiarism violates academic honest codes.
• Plagiarism can be avoided by paraphrasing.
3. How else can we avoid Plagiarism?
In-Text Citations!
4. Citing sources in the text
• In MLA style, references to sources are placed
in the text of the paper to briefly identify
sources for readers and enable them to locate
the source of the cited information in the
Works Cited list. These parenthetical
references should be kept as brief and as clear
as possible.
5. Guidelines for Citations
1. Give only the information needed to identify a
source. Usually the author's last name and a page
reference are all that is needed.
- EX: (Author, page #)
2. Place the parenthetical reference as close as
possible to the material being documented and
where a pause would naturally occur, preferably at
the end of a sentence.
-EX:
We are “in the hands of an angry God” and must be
careful with how we live our lives (Edwards, 6).
6. Guidelines for Citations
3. Parenthetical material should complement, not
repeat, information given in the text. If you
include an author's name in a sentence, you do
not need to repeat it in your parenthetical
statement.
- EX:
According to Edwards, we are all destined for hell
unless we are born again as good Christians (8).
7. Guidelines for Citations
4. The parenthetical reference should precede the
punctuation mark that concludes the sentence,
clause, or phrase that contains the cited material.
- EX:
We are “in the hands of an angry God” and must be
careful with how we live our lives (Edwards, 6).
5. Electronic and online sources are cited just like print
resources in references cited in the text. If an online
source lacks numbering, omit numbers from the
parenthetical references. If a source includes fixed
page numbers or section numbering, such as
numbering of paragraphs (pars.), cite the relevant
numbers.
8. Citation Guidelines
Author's name in text Author has expressed this
concern (page #s).
Author's name in reference This concern has been
expressed (Author, page #s).
Multiple authors of a work This hypothesis (Author 1 and
Author 2 page #s) suggested this
theory (Author, Author, and
Author page #s).
Two locations Author alludes to this premise
(first page #s, second page #s).
Two works cited (Author 1 page #s; Author 2
page #s)
9. Citation Guidelines
Multivolume works
References to volumes and pages (Author volume#:page#s)
References to an entire volume (Author, Vol. #)
In text reference to an entire volume In volume ___, Author suggests
Corporate authors (Corporation, page#s)
Works with no author
When a work has no author, use the
work's title or a shortened version of the
as stated by the presidential commission
title when citing it in text. (If
(Title page#s).
abbreviating a title, omit initial articles
and begin with the word by which it is
alphabetized in the Works Cited list.):
Online source with numbered (Author, pars. #s)
paragraphs
