2. What is Plagiarism?

3. Wait… What is Plagiarism?
Plagiarism is using someone else’s
words or ideas as your own without
giving credit to that person.
There are many ways to commit plagiarism.
You could borrow a paper, copy large
sections of text from a book, or fail to cite
your sources.

4. What if I didn’t mean to
plagiarize?
One very important point about plagiarism is
that it's not always a mean, ugly, nasty act you
MEANT to do. Sometimes you plagiarize without
knowing it!
We can say that plagiarism is either
INTENTIONAL or UNINTENTIONAL.
Regardless, PLAGIARISM IS A BIG DEAL!

5. 3 Steps to avoid plagiarism:
Step 1: Take good bulleted notes in your own
words; no complete sentences.
Step 2: Paraphrase your notes. Since your
notes are in your own words, you are putting
your notes back into complete sentences.
Step 3: Cite your sources.

6. Step 1: Note - Taking
Read all the way through the material you are using
for research.
AS SOON AS you decide to use the information, write
down the source information for your citations.
Write down the important pieces of information in
your own words.
Use a “bullet” form – no complete sentences. This
eliminates the danger of copying phrases from the
original document.

7. Step 2: Paraphrasing
Paraphrasing is writing in your own
words the essential information and
ideas expressed by someone else.
CREATIVITY

8. An example of bulleted notes:
In early 2011, a series of protests swept the
Arab world, toppling longtime rulers in
Egypt, Tunisia, and Libya and sparking a
violent uprising against Syria’s dictator. An
enormous wave of optimism spread across
the region amid predictions that democracy
might finally take root in the Middle East. It
became known as the Arab Spring.
Smith, Patricia. "Has the Arab Spring Failed?" The New York Times Upfront 16
Sept. 2013: 6-9. Print.
Bulleted Notes:
• 2011, protests in
Middle East
• Rulers overthrown
• Violent protests
•  for democracy
Violent protests to better
the government of Middle
Eastern countries
In early 2011, a series of protests swept the
Arab world, toppling longtime rulers in
Egypt, Tunisia, and Libya and sparking a
violent uprising against Syria’s dictator. An
enormous wave of optimism spread across
the region amid predictions that democracy
might finally take root in the Middle East. It
became known as the Arab Spring.
Smith, Patricia. "Has the Arab Spring Failed?" The New York Times Upfront 16
Sept. 2013: 6-9. Print.

9. An example of bulleted notes:
In early 2011, a series of protests swept the Arab world, toppling longtime rulers in
Egypt, Tunisia, and Libya and sparking a violent uprising against Syria’s dictator. An enormous
wave of optimism spread across the region amid predictions that democracy might finally take
root in the Middle East. It became known as the Arab Spring.
Smith, Patricia. "Has the Arab Spring Failed?" The New York Times Upfront 16
Sept. 2013: 6-9. Print.
Paraphrase:Bulleted Notes:
• 2011, protests in
Middle East
• Ruler overthrown
• Violent protests
• Optimism
•  for democracy
• “Arab Spring”
In 2011, an event began
called the Arab Spring.
Many violent protests arose
in the Middle East. Existing
rulers were overthrown in
an attempt to bring
democracy to the Arab
world.

10. An example of bulleted notes:
Almost three years later, the giddy
enthusiasm is long gone and the region is
wracked by turmoil and bloodshed. In
Libya, armed militias have filled the void left
by the fall of strongman Muammar al-
Qaddafi. In Syria, the uprising has morphed
into a civil war that’s left more than 100,000
dead and provided a haven for Islamic
extremists. In Tunisia, the moderate Islamist
government that took power is increasingly
fragile.
Smith, Patricia. "Has the Arab Spring Failed?" The New York Times Upfront 16
Sept. 2013: 6-9. Print.
Bulleted Notes:
• Years later Citizens 
• Protests don’t = peace
• Libya = militias
• Syria war = 100,000
dead
• Islamic extremists 
Syria
• Tunisia  weak gov’t
Protests have not
brought peace
Almost three years later, the giddy
enthusiasm is long gone and the region is
wracked by turmoil and bloodshed. In
Libya, armed militias have filled the void left
by the fall of strongman Muammar al-
Qaddafi. In Syria, the uprising has morphed
into a civil war that’s left more than 100,000
dead and provided a haven for Islamic
extremists. In Tunisia, the moderate Islamist
government that took power is increasingly
fragile.
Smith, Patricia. "Has the Arab Spring Failed?" The New York Times Upfront 16
Sept. 2013: 6-9. Print.

11. An example of paraphrasing:
Almost three years later, the giddy enthusiasm is long gone and the region is wracked by turmoil
and bloodshed. In Libya, armed militias have filled the void left by the fall of strongman Muammar
al-Qaddafi. In Syria, the uprising has morphed into a civil war that’s left more than 100,000 dead
and provided a haven for Islamic extremists. In Tunisia, the moderate Islamist government that
took power is increasingly fragile.
Smith, Patricia. "Has the Arab Spring Failed?" The New York Times Upfront 16
Sept. 2013: 6-9. Print.
Paraphrase:
Bulleted Notes:
• Years later Citizens 
• Protests don’t = peace
• Libya = militias
• Syria war = 100,000 dead
• Islamic extremists  Syria
• Tunisia  weak gov’t
Middle eastern countries did
not achieve the peace they
sought through the protests.
Libya, Syria and Tunisia all
continued to be plagued with
violence and death.

12. Now, you try:
• Read the 3rd and 4th paragraphs
• Take 4 bulleted notes for each
paragraph (8 total)
• We will take 4 minutes to do this.

13. Bulleted notes:
Bulleted Notes:
• Egyptian gov’t.
unstable
• Egypt = US ally
• Military overthrew
Mohamed Morsi
• Gov’t. killed MM
supporters
Egypt became very
unstable after protests
But nowhere have dashed hopes been more
jarring than in Egypt, long a key ally of the
United States. In July, the Egyptian military
ousted the country’s first democratically
elected president, Mohamed Morsi, after
enormous demonstrations against him.
Then, in August, Egypt’s army and security
forces killed hundreds of Morsi’s
supporters in a violent crackdown.
Smith, Patricia. "Has the Arab Spring Failed?" The New York Times Upfront 16
Sept. 2013: 6-9. Print.
But nowhere have dashed hopes been more
jarring than in Egypt, long a key ally of the
United States. In July, the Egyptian military
ousted the country’s first democratically
elected president, Mohamed Morsi, after
enormous demonstrations against him.
Then, in August, Egypt’s army and security
forces killed hundreds of Morsi’s
supporters in a violent crackdown.
Smith, Patricia. "Has the Arab Spring Failed?" The New York Times Upfront 16
Sept. 2013: 6-9. Print.

14. Bulleted notes:
Bulleted Notes:
• Protestors supported
MM
• Military attacked
protesters w/
vehicles, weapons
• Cairo = violence
• 12 hours, 600
killed, 4000 injured
Security and protesters
faced bloody battle in
Cairo
Security forces used armored
vehicles, bulldozers, tear gas, birdshot, live
ammunition, and snipers to raze
encampments of protesters who supported
the deposed Islamist president. The
confrontation lasted more than 12 hours
and turned parts of Cairo into a war zone.
More than 600 people were killed and close
to 4,000 injured.
Smith, Patricia. "Has the Arab Spring Failed?" The New York Times Upfront 16
Sept. 2013: 6-9. Print.
Security forces used armored
vehicles, bulldozers, tear gas, birdshot, live
ammunition, and snipers to raze
encampments of protesters who supported
the deposed Islamist president. The
confrontation lasted more than 12 hours
and turned parts of Cairo into a war zone.
More than 600 people were killed and close
to 4,000 injured.
Smith, Patricia. "Has the Arab Spring Failed?" The New York Times Upfront 16
Sept. 2013: 6-9. Print.

15. Now, you try:
• Take your bulleted notes from
your reading and use them to
write a paraphrased paragraph.
• We will take 3 minutes to do this.

16. Paraphrasing:
PaOriginal Text:
But nowhere have dashed hopes been more jarring than in
Egypt, long a key ally of the United States. In July, the Egyptian
military ousted the country’s first democratically elected
president, Mohamed Morsi, after enormous demonstrations
against him. Then, in August, Egypt’s army and security forces
killed hundreds of Morsi’s supporters in a violent crackdown.
In Cairo, the Egyptian capital city, violence was rampant. The
military attacked protesters with vehicles and weapons. In just 12
hours, 600 people were killed and over 4000 citizens were
injured.

17. Paraphrasing:
Bulleted Notes:
• Egyptian gov’t. unstable
• Egypt = US ally
• Military overthrew
Mohamed Morsi
• Gov’t. killed MM supporters
• Military attacked protesters
w/ vehicles, weapons
• Cairo = violence
• 12 hours, 600 killed, 4000
injured
PaParaphrase:
Egypt was significantly impacted
by the Arab Spring. The Egyptian
military overthrew their
leader, Mohamed Morsi, and the
government killed his supporters.
In Cairo, the Egyptian capital
city, violence was rampant. The
military attacked protesters with
vehicles and weapons. In just 12
hours, 600 people were killed and
over 4000 citizens were injured.

18. Step 3: Citing Sources
We cite our sources in a
Bibliography at the end of our
project. This is always required!

19. What is a Bibliography??
A Bibliography is a list of the
sources that you used when you
researched, wrote and prepared
your project.

20. What are sources??
They can be:
Books
Websites
Ebooks
Images
Music

21. Why do we need to include
a Bibliography??
1. When you use someone else's
ideas, words, music, or images in your project it
is only fair to give them proper credit.
2. Citing your sources in a bibliography means
that others can locate and use your sources
also.

22. LibGuide
For World Cultures
found on the Westminster
website under research
guides at the George
Woodruff Library page

23. LibGuide link:
http://westminsterschools.libgui
des.com/aecontent.php?pid=50
8138&sid=4181451

24. Welcome to NoodleTools!
Create a personal account:
Expected year of graduation = 2020.
Personal ID and password should be your
Westminster log on information.
Initials and phone digits are in case you forget your
log in information.
register

25. Create a new project
Click “create a new project” at top right
Citation style: MLA
Citation level: Junior
Description: ex: World Cultures 6: Arab Spring