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19. Development of the Periodic Table The modern periodic table of elements is mostly the work of Russian chemist Dmitri Mendeleev (1834-1907). It was set up in such a way so group elements in columns according to their properties, but also put them in ascending order according to their atomic number. Let ’s observe: The vertical columns are called groups ; the horizontal rows are called periods . Periodic Law : when elements are arranged in order of increasing atomic number, there is a periodic repetition of their physical & chemical properties.

20. The vertical columns are called groups , or families . There are 18 groups on the periodic table. Groups

21. The horizontal rows are called periods . Periodic Law : when elements are arranged in order of increasing atomic number, there is a periodic repetition of their physical & chemical properties.

22. Periodic Trends Elements in the same group : physically and chemically similar Elements in the same period : ordered in increasing size and atomic number.

23. Metals Characteristics of metals: excellent conductors of heat and electricity, very reactive, usually make positive ions when dissolved in solution, mix well to make alloys.

24. Alkali Metals Group 1A: Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Fr. Does not include hydrogen. ▪ They are very reactive because of the lone electron in their outer shell. ▪ Very shiny and light in weight. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OFG4Yr7lQzw&feature=related http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uqDWbknpiVk&feature=related

25. Alkali Earth Metals Group 2A: Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Ra ▪ Not as reactive as alkali metals, but form bonds very easily.

26. Transition Metals Have a special electron shell arrangement where two of their outer shells are not full. This allows them to bond to many other elements in a variety of shapes.

27. Halogens Have an outer shell that is almost full, therefore very reactive. Often bond with metals and elements from group one (alkali metals). When an halogen combines with another element, the resulting compound is called a halide .

28. Inert Gases (Noble gases) Include: He, Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe, Rn. Have a full outer shell and are very unreactive , hence the title “inert”.

29. Lanthanide Series · Also known as rare-earth or inner-transition elements. · Fifteen elements that start with lanthanum (La) at atomic number 57 and finishing up with lutetium (Lu) at number 71

30. Actinide Series · These elements are all radioactive and only some are found in nature; some elements with higher numbers have only been made in labs. · Fifteen elements that start with actinium (Ac) at atomic number 89 and finishing up with lawrencium (Lr) at number 103

31. Metalloids Metalloids are found on the periodic table between the metals and non-metals. Appropriately, they exhibit characteristics of both metals and non-metals.

32. Nonmetals Many nonmetals are gases at room temperature: N; O; F; Cl . These are elements that are poor conductors of heat and electricity .