For MDM 1-1

1. Tanvir Alam
Lecturer, Dept of TMDM
BUTEX.

2. Staple
Fibre
Man Made
Fibre

3. Staple Fibre
Spinning
Hand Spng
Charka Spng
Mule Spng
Long Staple Spng
Ring Spng
Open-end Spng

4. Open End Spng
Rotor Spng
Air-vortex Spng
Electrostatic Spng
Friction Spng
Disc Spng

5. Dry Spng
Melt Spng
Wet Spng

6. Ring Spinning
Card Combed

8. Yarn Manufacturing Process Flow
(For carded yarn)
Input Mfg Machine Output
Bale
lap
carded sliver
drawn Sliver
Roving
Spinning bobbin
Blow Room
Carding
Drawing 1& 2
Simplex/speed
frame
Ring
Winding
lap
Carded Sliver
Drawn sliver
Roving
Yarn
Package form

9. Bale

10. According to US Joint Cotton Industry Bale Packaging Committee (JCIBPC)

12. Blowroom

13. Conventional Blow room Line Flow
chart
Bale Opener
↓
Step Cleaner
↓
Vertical Opener
↓
Hopper feeder-1
↓
Porcupine opener
↓
Hopper feeder-2
↓
Scutcher

15. Process layout of a modern blow room line of Rieter:
Bale plucker
↓
Metal detector
↓
Uniclean
↓
Unimix
↓
Uniflex
↓
Vision shield
↓
Condenser
↓
Chute feed

16. • Basic operations involved in the blow room:
• ● Opening- Opening is the first operation in the blow room carried
out to the stage of flocks in the blow room and to the stage of
individual fibres in the cards.
• ● Cleaning- To remove the impurities, foreign materials and the raw
materials as clean as possible.
• ● Dust removal- To remove the dusts which are completely
enclosed in the flocks.
• ● Blending- To achieve the required quality of yarn by blending
different kinds of cotton into a particular ratio.
• ●Even feed of the material- To produce a lap of uniform weight per
unit length or, to process the maximum quality which is suitable
for carding.
•

17. Bale Plucker

18. Objectives of Bale Plucker
• To open the tuft of cotton.
• To mix & blend the fiber.
• To remove a considerable amount of trash
from fiber which is taken out by fan.
• To act as a reserver box for the next process.

19. Hopper Bale Opener
• Main Parts :
1. Feed lattice.
2. Bottom lattice.
3. Spiked lattice.
4. Wiper roller.
5. Evener roller.
6. Breaker roller.
7. Grid bar.
• (N.B.The objects of bale pucker and opener is same)

21. Functions of Bale Plucker
• Regulating motion by swing paddle.
• Air suctioning.
• Beating action.
• Spiked lattice action.

22. VERTICAL OPENER
Object :
To open and clean the cotton.

23. Bale Plucker

24. • Object of Step/ ultra/Super Cleaner Machine
i. To open & clear the cotton by combinations of opposite spike
action & the beating action.
ii. To remove the impurities such as leaves, stalk, motes & sand
without damage the fiber.
Main Parts :
i. Motor.
ii. Motor pulley.
iii. Beaters.
iv. Baffle plate.
v. Grid.
•
•
Step Cleaner

26. HOPPER FEEDER
• Objects:
1. The material is thoroughly blended in main bin.
2. The material is combed by the spikes of the inclined
lattice.
3. The cotton is well opened when passes in between evener
roller and spiked inclined lattice.
4. Sand, heavy trashes are extracted through grid bars and
iron particles are removed from the cotton by the magnet.
5. Fan is provided in the top of the machine and sucks the
dusty air which is settled down in the cellar.
6. Also, the principle object of the Hopper Feeder is to
provide uniform feeding of cotton on lattice across the full
width of the machine.

28. Porcupine Opener

29. Scutcher
• Objects of the Scutcher are:
• i) To further break down and clean the cotton
tufts by a beater
• ii) To convert the mass of cotton fibres into a
uniform thick sheet of cotton both
longitudinally and transversely and wound in
the form of a compactly built lap.

31. Carding
• To open the tuft of fibers
• To make the fiber parallel & straight
• To remove remaining trash particles
• To remove short fibers
• To remove naps
• To produce a rove like fiber called silver, which is uniform in per unit
length
• Action between fee roller & taker in
• Action between taker in and cylinder
• Action between the cylinder and flat
• Action between cylinder and doffer

32. Conventional Carding MC

33. Modern carding M/C

34. Draw Frame
•
Drawing is the operation by which slivers are
blended, doubled and leveled. In short staple
spinning the term is only applied to the process
at a draw frame. In drawing slivers are elongated
when passing through a group of pair rollers,
each pair is moving faster than previous one. This
permits combing, drawing and elongating of
several slivers to make them strong and
uniform.In most modern worsted drawing sets
there are 3 passages of pin drafting and roving
process.

35. Objectives
1. To straighten the crimped, curled and hooked
fibers.
2. To make the fiber parallel to their neighbors.
3. To improve uniformity of fibers by drafting
and doubling.
4. To reduce weight per length unit of sliver.
5. To remove dust from slivers.
6. To blend raw material of same hank perfectly.

36. Material Passage Diagram of Draw
Frame

37. Task of draw frame
• 1.Equalizing
• 2.Parallelizing
• 3.Blending
• 4.Dust removal

38. Combing
•
The process of straightening and parallelisings of fibers and
the removal of short fibers and impurities by using a comb
on combs assisted by brushes and rollers is called combing.
The combing processis carried out in order to improve the
quality of the sliver coming out of the card. The process
eliminates short fibres, it achieves better parallelisation of
fibres, it straightens curls, and it removes neps and residue
impurities. It is clear from these functions that the combing
process is essentially aimed at obtaining excellent quality
yarns and to fulfil this objective raw materials with above
average physical and mechanical features must be used
from the very beginning of the spinning process.

39. Objectives of Combing
• Following are the objectives of combing
process:
• To remove neps in the carded sliver.
• To make the fiber more parallel and straight.
• To produce a uniform sliver of required per unit
length.
• To remove the fiber shorter than a
predetermined length.
• To remove remaining impurities in the comber
lap.

40. Schematic Diagram of comber

41. Speed Frame / Simplex / Roving
Frame
• Simplex is an intermediate process in which fibers
are converted into low twist lea called roving. The
sliver which is taken from draw frame is thicker so
it is not suitable for manufacturing of yarn. Its
purpose is to prepare input package for next
process. This package is to prepare on a small
compact package called bobbins. Roving machine
is complicated, liable to fault, causes defect adds
to the production costs and deliver the product.
In this winding operation that makes us roving
frame complex. There are two main basic reasons
for using roving frame.

42. Objects/ Functions of Speed Frame:
• 1.Attenuation of drawn sliver to form roving of
required count by drafting.
• 2.Insert small amount of twist to give required
strength of roving.
• 3.Wind the twisted roving on to the bobbin.
• 4.Build the roving in bobbin such a form which
will facilitate handling, withdrawing & transfer
to the next process.

43. Roving frame material passage
diagram

44. Operations Involved in Simplex
Machine:
• 1.Creeling
• 2.Drafting
• 3.Twisting
• 4.Winding
• 5.Building
• 6.Doffing

45. Definition
• The ring spinning is the most widely used form of
spinning machines due to significant advantages
in comparison with the new spinning
process. Ring spinning is a method of
spinning fibres, such as cotton, flax or wool, to
make a yarn. In ring spinning, the roving is the
first attenuated by using drawing rollers, then
spun and wound around a rotating spindle which
in its turn is contained within an independently
rotating ring flyer. Traditionally ring frames could
only be used for the coarse counts, but they
could be attended by semi-skilled labour

46. Objects of ring spinning frame:
• ●To draft the roving fed to the ring frame.
• ●To impact the strength to the fibre strand
by twisting.
• ●To wind up the resulting yarn on to bobbin.
• ●To build up the yarn on to bobbin in form
of a suitable for storage, transportation and
processing.

47. Material passage diagram
1. Creel
2. Guide roller
3. Trumpet
4. Drafting rollers
5. Yarn guide
6. Lappet
7. Balloon controlling ring
8. Traveler
9. Ring
10. Spindle