Occupational health and safety in hospitals and health centers

1. Occupational health and safety in hospitals

2. Loss Prevention Policy
Saudi Aramco will conduct its business in a manner which prevents incidents or accidents which cause loss of life,
bodily injury or illness, or damage to property, assets or the environment. As reflected in Saudi Aramco’s Corporate
Values, the Company will continuously maintain the highest standards of safety, security, health and environmental
protection.
Accordingly, the Company will:
• Advise all employees and contractors of their loss prevention responsibilities and regularly measure their
performance;
• Evaluate, identify and eliminate or manage safety risks prior to beginning any new operation or activity and
continue to review such risks, complying with all applicable laws and regulations;
• Communicate loss prevention objectives and procedures regularly to employees and all affected parties;
• Train employees and provide resources to maintain job competencies, including loss prevention responsibility
and accountability;
• Design and construct Company facilities utilizing recognized best technology and practices to safeguard property
and people;
• Operate and maintain Company facilities to ensure safe operations;
• Require that contractors, suppliers and others adhere to the Company’s loss prevention policies, procedures and
goals;
• Prepare for emergencies and other contingencies and respond promptly and effectively to any incidents or
accidents resulting from operations;
• Report all incidents, review performance and communicate progress;
• Promote off-the-job safety and community awareness, and
• Review and improve the Company’s loss prevention program and performance continuously.

3. PM SMS
Element 1 – Leadership and Accountability: Promotes visible management leadership and
overall accountability for safety as a line management function. Summarizes the safety
responsibilities for managers, employees, and contactors.
Element 2 – Risk Assessment and Management: Outlines risk assessment and management
activities to protect people and preserve company assets.
Element 3 – Communications: Presents methods of communicating safety and loss prevention
information within each department.
Element 4 – Competency and Training: Presents competency and training requirements for staff
to perform their work in compliance with standards for loss prevention covering safety, health,
the environment, quality, and production.
Element 5 – Asset Integrity: Describes life cycle management processes for the integrity of the
company’s widely varied assets – the hardware side of loss prevention.
Element 6 – Safe Operations: Reflects the various steps, programs, and processes to achieve
world-class safe operations - Primarily the behavioral safety of loss prevention.

4. PM SMS (cont.)
Element 7 – Contractors, Suppliers, and Others: Delineates the management expectations for
the third-party activities, which increasingly affect company operations and profitability. Third
party includes contractors and suppliers of products and equipment but also joint venture with
others.
Element 8 – Emergency Preparedness: Involves assessment and preparation for proper
response to unplanned events.
Element 9 – Incident Reporting Awareness and Analysis: Outlines incident reporting and
investigation requirements for analysis and improvement.
Element 10 – Community Awareness and Off-the-Job Safety: Describes Saudi Aramco’s historic
and ongoing commitment to the related issues of community involvement and off-the-job
safety.
Element 11 – Continuous Improvement: - Provides the framework necessary to continually
improve the SMS through periodic measurement and review.

6. Fuel
Any combustible material – solid, liquid or gas
Oxygen
The air we breathe is
about 21% oxygen – fire
needs only
16% oxygen
Heat
The energy necessary to
increase the temperature of
fuel to where sufficient vapors
are given off for ignition to
occur
Each of these three elements must be present at
the same time to have a fire. A fire will burn until
one or more of the elements is removed.

7. There are 4 classes of fire:
Class A
Ordinary combustibles or fibrous material, such as wood,
paper, cloth, rubber, and some plastics.
Class B
Flammable or combustible liquids such as gasoline,
kerosene, paint, paint thinners and propane.
Class C
Energized electrical equipment, such as appliances,
switches, panel boxes and power tools.
Class D
Certain combustible metals, such as magnesium,
titanium, potassium, and sodium.

8. Class  Ordinary Combustibles:
To Prevent Fires
• Keep storage and working areas free of trash.
• Place oily rags in covered containers.

9. Class  Flammable liquids or gases:
 Don’t refuel gasoline-powered equipment in a confined space, in the
presence of an open flame, or while the equipment is hot.
 Keep flammable liquids stored in a tightly closed container and
away from spark producing sources.
 Use flammable liquids only in well ventilated areas.

10. Class  Electrical Equipment:
 Never install a fuse rated higher than specified for the circuit.
 Investigate any appliance or electrical equipment that smells strange.
Unusual odors can be the first sign of a potential fire.
 Utility lights should always have some type of wire guard over them.

11. Class  Flammable metals:
• Knowledge of the properties of the metals and using good judgment
and common sense will assist you in controlling or avoiding
potential fires/reactions.

12. • Check the location of fire alarms and know how they work.
• Learn your building evacuation plan.
• Know where your two nearest exits are located.
Learn how doors swing and where stairs lead.
• Make sure nothing blocks fire pulls, extinguishers
and emergency exits.
• Learn the sound of your building fire alarm.
• Post emergency numbers (including security
and first aid) near your telephone.
• Make sure you know what to do if the fire alarm sounds. Plan
your escape.
Be prepared for a fire emergency

13. When you hear the fire alarm:
 Leave at once, taking direction from
the emergency warden.
 Do not delay yourself by gathering
personal items. Your safety always comes first.
 Before you open any door, feel the door with the back of your hand. If
the door is cold, slowly open it a crack.
 If there is no smoke in hallways or stairwells, follow your building’s
evacuation plan. Get out quickly using designated fire exits.

14. After a fire emergency:
 Once you are out of the building, STAY OUT!
Do not go back inside for any reason.
 Report to your warden for roll call at your designated
assembly point.
 Tell the fire department via your warden if you know
of anyone trapped inside the building.
 Only re-enter if and when the fire department tells you
it is safe to do so.

16. SAPMT Office Muster Points

17. Fire sprinkler system piping

19. Safety observation index

20. Report Incidents, Unsafe Acts & Conditions
• Immediately report all work related injuries/illnesses or vehicle collisions, no matter how
small, to your supervisor.
• Immediately report any near miss, or incident you see to the site HSE Team.
• If you see any unsafe Acts or any unsafe condition, take corrective action, report it to the
site HSE Team and follow this up by filling in a SBOI Card in the PMT Office.
Safety Responsibilities
Manager/Supervisor Responsibilities
• Establish and communicate safety rules and standards to all employees and contractors.
• Provide appropriate resources, tools, and training for employees.
• Conduct and document safety meetings.
• Correct unsafe acts and conditions promptly.
• Conduct routine safety and environmental inspections and tours.
• Maintain facility emergency plans and conduct regular emergency drills.
• Investigate injuries, spills, and other incidents and promptly provide corrective actions.
• Review organization and employee safety performance periodically and provide feedback.

21. Employee Responsibilities
• Comply with applicable rules, standards, and safe work practices.
• Communicate safety rules and standards to contractors and co-workers.
• Maintain knowledge of safety requirements, including emergency response action.
• Participate in safety meetings.
• Inspect, and maintain the project site in a safe condition.
• Report injuries, spills, unsafe conditions, near misses, and incidents immediately.
• Assist in incident investigations as necessary.
Contractor Responsibilities
• Ensure that contractor employees and their subcontractors are trained in SA safety rules and
are competent in their craft or skill.
• Comply with all SA rules, policies, and procedures.
• Report injuries, spills, unsafe acts and conditions, near misses, and incidents immediately.
• Hold pre-job meetings and other safety meetings during the job.
• Assist in incident investigations as necessary.

22. Basic Safety Rules to think about when on site
Follow Safe Practices
• Operators of vehicles shall comply with all traffic requirements, particularly speed limits.
• All persons in vehicles shall wear seat belts at all times.
• When ascending or descending stairways, use the handrail and take only one step at a time.
• Erect barricades/flagging around hazardous work areas, such as holes in decking and floor
surfaces, trenches, road crossings, and overhead hazardous work.
• Use only proper tools and equipment maintained in a safe working condition. Homemade
tools are prohibited.
• Maintain good housekeeping in your work area at all times.
• Smoking is permitted in designated areas only.
• Eating or resting is permitted in designated areas only.
• Use proper manual lifting techniques, or obtain assistance or mechanical lifting aids when
lifting loads.
• All operating machinery and electrical switchgear shall have all safety guards, switches, and
alarms in place and functional.
• All fire extinguishers and other emergency equipment shall be in good condition, inspected
regularly, and kept clear of any obstruction.

23. Avoid Unsafe Activities
• Climbing or standing on equipment, piping, valves, or unstable surfaces (e.g., chairs or
barrels) to perform work is prohibited.
• Approved fall protection measures (e.g., safety harnesses or scaffolding) shall be used if the
working height is greater than 1.8 m (6 ft) from floor or platform level.
• Running in work areas is prohibited, except during emergencies.
• Finger rings, wristwatches, jewelry, loose clothing, unsecured long hair, and other loose
accessories shall not be worn within an arm’s reach of rotating equipment or electrical
switchgear.
• Do not apply compressed air or other gases to yourself or others.
• Operating equipment having a “DANGER, DO NOT OPERATE” (hold) tag is prohibited.
• Horseplay or fighting on SA premises is prohibited.

24. Protect Yourself (PPE)
When on site you are required to wear the minimum PPE noted below
• Hard Hat
• Safety Glasses (some may require over glasses if wearing prescription glasses)
• Yellow fluorescent vest
• Gloves
• Toe capped boots with protection to the sole to prevent nail penetration
• Proper personal protective equipment (PPE) prescribed by the Chemical Hazard Bulletin
(CHB) or Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) shall be worn when handling chemicals or
hazardous materials.
• Approved hearing protection shall be worn in high noise areas (i.e., 85 decibels [dBA] or
higher).
In some areas there are signs like the one to the right which require additional PPE due to
specific hazards which may be present.

25. Permit Processes
General discussion as to what to expect at site:
• Hot Work Permit
• Cold Work Permit
• Confined Space Entry Permit
• Excavation and Trenching
• Isolations

26. Confined Space
The purpose of the Confined Space Entry (CSE) Permit process is to ensure:
• Proper preparation of confined spaces/vessels to be entered.
• Safe entry by personnel, including plans for rescue.
• Restoration of confined spaces.
A CSE Permit (SA Form #924-4 GREEN) shall be used to protect personnel from CSE
hazards. CSE is the entry of personnel into any space or structure (e.g., tank, vessel,
duct, or vault) not normally intended for human occupancy, in which entry, movement
within or exit is restricted. Any part of the body passing through the opening is
considered entry. Examples include:
• Vessel cleaning.
• Tank internal inspection.
• Work in sewers, sump pits, or valve boxes.
• Excavations or trenches deeper than 1.2 m (4 ft) that meet the definition of a
confined space.

27. ‫الكيميائية‬ ‫المواد‬ ‫مع‬ ‫اآلمن‬ ‫التعامل‬
Safety in chemicals

28. A hazardous chemical is any chemical
which is classified as a:
Physical hazard
Health hazard
Simple asphyxiant
Combustible dust
Pyrophoric gas
Hazard not otherwise classified

29. Physical hazards are
chemicals that can
cause:
Fire
Explosion
Violent reaction

30. Health Hazards
Health hazards are chemicals that are harmful to
your health and can
cause:
Short-term (acute)
health problems
Long term (chronic)
health problems

31. Health Hazards, continued…
• OSHA considers a health hazard to be any
chemical which:
– Is toxic
– Is corrosive to the skin or eyes
– Is a respiratory sensitizer
– May cause cancer, birth defects or reproductive issues
– Attacks specific organs
– Is harmful or deadly when inhaled

32. Five Employer Requirements
5. Develop a written HazCom program
4. Create and implement an employee training program
3. Ensure each chemical container is properly labeled
2. Ensure each chemical has a GHS-style safety data sheet
1. Create a hazardous chemical inventory

33. The HazCom Chain
• Chemists classify and categorize the
chemical
• Safety data sheets and labels are
created
• Safety data sheets and labels are
passed along to each company and
person who handles the chemical
HazCom starts
at the
chemical
manufacturing
plant:

34. 1. Chemical Inventory
• When a chemical arrives at your company, hazard
information is passed along with it.
• This information is added to your company’s
chemical inventory.
• OSHA requires that
each company keep
an inventory on all its
hazardous chemicals.

35. 2. Safety Data Sheets
• Explain what you need to know to safely work with a
chemical
• Must have the GHS-specified 16 section format
• Must include certain types of information in each
section
• Help ensure that employers and employees understand
the chemical
• Must be readily accessible to employees in the work
area during each work shift

36. 3. Labels

37. Pictograms

38. Re-Labeling
• Re-labeling can take place when:
–Your employer chooses to use an OSHA-
approved label in your workplace.
–A large quantity of a
chemical is broken
down into smaller
ones to use in
different areas.

39. Staying safe, continued…
• Other simple actions:
– Know where the nearest eyewash station or
emergency shower is located
– Dispose of hazardous chemicals properly
– Know how to deal with
spills and leaks
– Know how to respond in
an emergency

40. Excavation
The purpose of the Excavation and Trenching process is to ensure proper planning and design of
excavation and trenching operations, including entry of personnel. An Excavation Safety
Checklist is required for:
• All excavations 1.2 m (4 ft) and deeper.
• Excavations deeper than 30 cm (1 ft) where buried pipelines or cables may be present.
• Excavations 1.2 m (4 ft) and deeper may also require a CSE Permit as outlined in Safety
Process 3, “Confined Space Entry Permit.”
• The slope of an excavation will depend on the soil type and the depth of the excavation.

41. Scaffolding
• Scaffolding is a temporary, field erected structure used for working at an elevated
height. Because it is temporary and field erected, it is subject to wear and abuse,
improper assembly, and unauthorized changes.
• Construction standards require that a "competent person" inspect scaffolds for
defects before every work shift.
• Scaffolding must be erected on firm footing capable of carrying the maximum
intended load. Boxes, barrels, loose concrete blocks or brick must not be used to
support the structure.
• Consideration must be given to the weight the scaffold is to carry. It must be capable
of supporting, without failure, four times the maximum intended load. The load
includes not only the weight of the people on the scaffold but also any supplies and
equipment being used.
• Scaffolding is naturally unstable because it is usually a tall structure with a narrow
base. To counteract this, the scaffold must be braced or tied off to a stable structure
Safe to use Unsafe to use

42. Fall Protection
• Approved fall protection measures (e.g., personal fall arrest systems and scaffolding)
shall be used if the working height is greater than 1.8 m (6 ft) from floor or platform
level.

43. Traffic & Vehicle Safety
Drivers shall:
• Abide by all Saudi Arabia Government (SAG) traffic regulations and Saudi Aramco traffic
requirements at all times.
• Wear seat belts at all times and ensure that all passengers are wearing their seat belts.
• Report any damage to the vehicle immediately to your supervisor.
• Perform a 360-degree walk around before getting into the vehicle.
• Ensure the vehicle is safe to operate and contains all required safety equipment.
• Do Not exceed the posted speed limit at any time.
• DO Not use a cell phone, eat or drink while driving.
• Do Not transport more passengers than the number of seat belts provided in the vehicle.
• Do Not transport passengers in the rear of pickups or on truck beds.
• Vehicles should be reverse parked

44. Visitors
• To report to Site office and sign Visitors Register.
• All visitors shall receive Induction training prior to entrance to construction site.
• Visitors shall not be permitted to wonder off by themselves, they will be accompanied
at all times
• Full Site Specific PPE to be used – Will not be issued on site.
Smoking
• Smoking is only permitted in designated areas.
• At the PMT Office there is a designated room for smoking
• At the refinery site there are outdoor smoking shelters

45. Hospital Risk Assessment
Technological

46. 1.Electrical failure
2.Transportation emergency
3.Water emergency
4.HVAC failure
5.Structural damage
6.Fire
7.HAZMAT exposure (internal)

47. Components of Risk
Probability?
A. Highly likely?
B. Likely?
C. Possible?
D. Unlikely?

48. Impact?
1.Marginal
2.Serious
3.Critical
4.Catastrophic

49. by
Mohammad ahmad alqadi
Weal bahr shibli
Dr . Tamer Sharakyi

50. Thank you