Comparative Analysis of India, China and Pakistan

3. • In the 70 years since independence, India has made most progress in improving life expectancy, literacy, but has been slower in
improving the level of income, and reducing infant mortality rates when compared to Two other nations.
• In 56 years, Indian income has seen a rise of 21 times, but progress has been slower than China.
• India’s (GDP) per capita (current US$)–which is the average income of each citizen and reflects the well being of the
population–increased 21 times from $81.3 (Rs 1,705) in 1960 to $1709.4 (Rs 1,14,530) in 2016, according to World Bank
estimates.
81.3 82.5 89.5 1709.4 1468.2 8123.2
INDIA PAKISTAN CHINA INDIA PAKISTAN CHINA

4. • In 55 years, India’s life expectancy at birth–an indicator of the strength of the health system throughout the lifecycle of a citizen,
rose by 65.8% or 27 years.
• India’s progress in raising the average life expectancy at birth comes second to that of only China.
• India’s efforts to reduce child mortality led to a significant decline in the death rate by 3.7% between 1990 and 2013
41 43 45
INDIA CHINA PAKISTAN INDIA CHINA PAKISTAN
68 76 66

5. • In 2015, seven of every 10 Indians, 15 years and above, could read and write a simple, short statement related to their everyday
life, with understanding.
• The share of literates in India’s population rose 30 percentage points since 1980–the earliest year for which data are available for
this indicator–when four of every 10 Indians were literate.
• The gap between India and China (~25 percentage points) has remained about the same as has the gap between India and
Pakistan (~13 percentage points).
40.8%
PAKISTAN INDIA CHINA PAKISTAN INDIA CHINA
27.1% 66.0% 71.0%58.0% 96.0%

6. • Forest cover increased in India, but numbers might be an overestimation
• In 25 years, India’s forest area, increased from 21.5% in 1990 to 23.8% in 2015, according to data from the World Bank.
• Forest cover includes lands under afforestation.
• The Indian government might be overestimating forest area as its definition of forests includes agricultural plantations.
21.5%
PAKISTAN INDIA CHINA PAKISTAN INDIA CHINA
3.3% 16.7% 22.2%1.9% 23.8%

7. • In 55 years, India’s infant mortality rate (IMR)–reduced 76% from 165 deaths per 1000 children in 1960 to 38 deaths in 2015,
the latest year for which data are available, according to the World Bank.
• The infant mortality rate is a good indicator of child health, and a ‘crude indicator of community health, poverty and socio
economic status of a community and availability of quality health services and medical technology.
• India’s (GDP) per capita (current US$)–which is the average income of each citizen and reflects the well being of the
population–increased 21 times from $81.3 (Rs 1,705) in 1960 to $1709.4 (Rs 1,14,530) in 2016, according to World Bank
estimates.
192 165 119
PAKISTAN INDIA CHINA INDIA PAKISTAN CHINA
38 66 9
Per 1000 Live Births

8. • http://www.indexmundi.com/factbook/compare/india.pakistan
• http://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/india-at-70-a-comparison-of-progress-with-pakistan-
and-4-other-nations-here/story-UEIuCPfvjOFE4U3aFHaIYI.html
• https://countryeconomy.com/countries/compare/india/pakistan