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Disaster management
- 1. 11/7/2019 1
- 2. Disaster Management Presented by N/C Nida Batool Final year 11/7/20192
- 3. Objective At the end of this presentation students will be able to • Understand the term disaster • Classify disaster without any error • Analyze disaster and its phases • Manage disaster through guidelines and principles • Apply knowledge for sorting and prioritizing patients according to need 11/7/2019 3
- 4. Outline – Define disaster – Classification of disaster – Define Disaster management – Principle of disaster management – Components of disaster management – Phases of disaster management 11/7/2019 4
- 5. Disaster – Originated from Greek world ‘’dus’’ mean bad and “aster” mean star. Calamity due to position of planet and star. – “’A disaster can be defines as any occurrence that cause damaged ,ecological disruption, loss of human being,deteriotation of health and health services on a scale, sufficient to warrant an extraordinary response from outside the affected community or area.”(W.H.O) 11/7/2019 5
- 6. Classification of Disaster Meteorological Topographical Environmental Technological Industrial Warfare Manmade DisasterNatural Disaster 11/7/2019 6
- 7. Natural Disaster Meteorological • Floods • Cyclone • Cold spells • Hail storm • Drought Topological • Earthquake • Volcanic eruption • Landslide • Asteroids Environmental • Global warming • Ozone depletion • Solar flare 11/7/2019 7
- 8. Manmade disaster • Transport failure • FireTechnological • Chemical spills • Radioactive raysIndustrial • War • Terrorism • Internal conflict Warfare Manmade Disaster 11/7/2019 8
- 9. Disaster Management – “The range of activities designed to maintain control over disaster and emergency situations and to provide a framework for helping at risk persons avoid or recover from the impact of a disaster” (Cluny) – A continuous and integrated process of planning, organizing, coordinating and implementing measures which are necessary for prevention. Reduction, capacity building, preparedness, promotion ,evacuation and rehabilitation. 11/7/2019 9
- 10. Aim of Disaster Management 1) Reverse adverse health effects caused by the event; 2) Modify the hazard responsible for the event (reducing the risk of the occurrence of another event); 3) Decrease the vulnerability (increase the resiliency) of the society to future events; and 4) Improve disaster preparedness to respond to future events. 11/7/2019 10
- 11. Principle of Disaster Management – Disaster management is the responsibility of all sphere of government. – Disaster management should use the resources that exist for a day to day purpose, – Disaster management planning should focus on large scale events – disaster management should recognize the differences between incidents and disaster events. – Disaster management must recognize the involvement and potential role of non government agencies. 11/7/2019 11
- 12. Phases of Disaster Management 11/7/2019 12
- 13. Component of Disaster Management – Hazard Analysis – Vulnerability Analysis – Prevention and mitigation – Preparedness – Prediction and warning – Response – Recovery 11/7/2019 13
- 14. Disaster Analysis Hazard analysis – Disaster history – Disaster analysis – environmental – epidemiological – meteorological – agricultural – political Vulnerability analysis – Historical experience – Community experience – Technical evaluation – Building standards – Disaster specific vulnerabilities 11/7/2019 14
- 15. Phases of Disaster Management Preparedness Impact ResponseRecovery Mitigation 11/7/2019 15
- 17. Disaster Preparedness – Multisectoral activity – Integral part of national system responsible for developing plans and programmed for disaster management, prevention ,mitigation, response ,rehabilitation and reconstruction. 11/7/2019 17
- 18. Cont.… – It include following steps Planning Organizing Staffing Direction Coordination Reporting 11/7/2019 18
- 19. Medical Preparedness and Mass Causality Management – Developing and capacity building of medical team for trauma and psychosocial care. – Mass causality management and triage. – Determine causality handling capacity of hospital. – Identify structural integrity and approach route. 11/7/2019 19
- 20. Disaster Response – Immediate reaction to disaster as disaster is anticipated or soon after it begins in order to access the needs, reduce the suffering, limit the spread and consequence of disaster ,open up the way to rehabilitation Four Major Phases (many sub-categories) – Activation – Implementation – Mitigation – Recovery 11/7/2019 20
- 21. Cont.… – It can be managed by • Mass evacuation • Search and rescue • Emergency medical services • Securing food and water • Maintenance of law and order 11/7/2019 21
- 22. Medical and Public Health Response – Pre-hospital emergency services. – Assessment of Immediate health needs. – Identification of medical and health resources. – Temporary field care . – Communicable disease control by food and water safety. – Waste management – Immunization 11/7/2019 22
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- 24. Impact of Disaster – Disaster affect all aspects of life. – Impact of disaster are following – Health – Physical-entanglement ,injuries, disabilities, coma ,death – Psychological- cognitive behavioral, social – Structural damage- to variable extent. – Ecological- changes in ecosystem. – Economical- financial losses. 11/7/2019 24
- 25. Symptoms After Disaster Physiological • Fatigue • Shock symptoms • Chills • Dizziness • Tremors • Profuse sweating • Teeth gridding Cognitive • Memory loss • Reduced attention • Difficulty in decision making • confusion Emotional • Anxiety • Depression • Irritability • Anticipation of harm to self or others Behavioral • Insomnia • Hyper willingness • Rigidity • Substance abuse • Gait change 11/7/2019 25
- 26. Disaster Recovery It include recuperation. – It include following process • Repatriation-after emergency is over, displaced people return to their place of origin. • Rehabilitation-restoration of basic social function • Reconstruction-permanently repairing and rebuilding infrastructure. 11/7/2019 26
- 27. Elements of Recovery – Community recovery – Infrastructure recovery – Economy recovery – Environment recovery 11/7/2019 27
- 28. Disaster Mitigation – Any process that is undertaken to reduce the immediate damage otherwise being caused by a destructive force on the society – There are two types of mitigation – Primary Mitigation – Secondary Mitigation 11/7/2019 28
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- 30. Cont.… Components of hazard analysis include – Reducing hazard include protection against threat by removing cause of threat. – Hazard identification and mapping – vulnerability analysis – Reducing vulnerability including reducing the effect of threat – Risk analysis – Prevention 11/7/2019 30
- 31. Disaster Mitigation Measure Active measure Promotion of desired action by – Planning control – Training and education – Economic assistance – Public information – Facilities-refugee points and storage Passive measure Prevent undesired action by – Requirement to conform with design codes – Checking compliance of controls on site – Court proceedings – Control land use 11/7/2019 31
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- 33. Role of A Nurse in Disaster Management In Preparedness – Education – First aid programmed – Emergency telephone number – First aid kit – Flash light – Three days supply of water – Notify the person in emergency In Response – Establish safety – Utilization of available resources life saving measures – Evacuation and supply of shelter, food ,water – Management of infection control – Medical treatment and nursing care 11/7/2019 33
- 34. Cont.… In mitigation – Risk assessment – The magnitude of disaster – Coping strategies of local area – Health personnel available – Health facilities available 11/7/2019 34
- 35. Conclusion – Disaster management can be managed by correct disaster analysis , risk assessment and prevention. – The main element in response and recovery are health education. – The role of nurse in disaster management are planner, coordinator, reporter, director . 11/7/2019 35
- 36. Reference – Public Health and Community Medicines ,shah –illays-Ansari-Irfan’s ,8th edition – National disaster management guidelines, preparation of state disaster management plans, July 2007.NDMA,GOI assessed on 19/03/2016 11/7/2019 36
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Notas do Editor
- A disaster is a sudden accident or a natural catastrophe that causes great damage or loss of life. The most common medical definition of a disaster is an event that results in casualties that overwhelm the healthcare system in which the event occurs. A health disaster often is considered a medical disaster.
- Meteorological disasters are caused by extreme weather, e.g. rain, drought, snow, extreme heat or cold, ice, or wind. ... Examples of weather disasters include blizzard, droughts, hailstorms, heat waves, hurricanes, floods (caused by rain), and tornadoes Topography is the shape of the Earth's surface and its physical features. ... Natural disasters, such as tsunamis, floods, volcanoes, earthquakes, avalanches, and landslides, are all dramatic events that can quickly reshape topography An environmental disaster or ecological disaster is a catastrophic event regarding the environment due to human activity. This distinguishes it from the concept of a natural disaster
- Phenomenon: Disaster type and intensity Vulnerability: Predisposition and capacity of local response Impact: Effect on population
- This phase includes developing plans for what to do, where to go, or who to call for help before an event occurs; actions that will improve your chances of successfully dealing with an emergency. For instance, posting emergency Other examples include identifying where you would be able to shelter your people during caught on fire in a disaster. You should also consider preparing a disaster kit with essential supplies for your family and. you should consider fire alarm . telephone numbers, holding disaster drills, and installing smoke detectors are all preparedness measures
- Planning Determine the available resources and situation Define the objectives deciding the policy and action during disaster Organizing It includes divining the works according to job description. Direction mean providing leading in disaster management coordination in and between teams needs special attention Reporting mean providing correct information is needed in order to make mid evaluation changes.
- Formulate appropriate treatment procedure and build teams for this purpose Divide the role of each team in area of causality. Involvement of private hospitals and clinic also. Identify health care centers that function as medical unit.
- activation include making teams ,dividing taks and help injured people. Taking cover and holding tight in an earthquake, moving to the basement with your pets in a tornado, and safely leading horses away from a wildfire are examples of safe response. These actions can save lives.
- mas evacuation is clearing of people out of a dangerous area, removal of contents; withdrawal, departure. Prompt and proper treatment for save life. Emergency Emergency medical services (EMS), also known as ambulance services or paramedic services, are emergency services which treat illnesses and injuries that require an urgent medical response, providing out-of-hospital treatment and transport to definitive care.[1] They may also be known as a first aid squad,[2] FAST squad,[3] emergency squad,[4] rescue squad,[5] ambulance squad,[6] ambulance corps & ,[7]life squad[8] or by other initialisms such as EMAS or EMARS. E.g CPR and cervical collar ,tracheostomy
- Pre-hospital emergency services. Linkage to government command system Eternal medical services and extrication workers Search and rescue team.
- The impact refers to both positive and negative influences produced by the event on the environment.
- . Rehabilitation Providing temporarily shelter, stress debriefing for responder and victims, economic rehabilitation, psychosocial rehabilitation. Reconstruction Rebuilding homes During recovery, you should also consider things to do that would lessen (mitigate) the effects of future disasters
- he core recovery capability for infrastructure systems is the ability to efficientlyrestore the infrastructure systems and services to support a viable, sustainable community and improves resilience to and protection from future hazards
- Primary mitigation reduce the hazard and vulnerability Secondary mitigation include reducing the effect of hazards. Mitigation activities should be considered long before an emergency. For example, to mitigate fire in your home, follow safety standards in selecting building materials, wiring, and appliances
- Hazard identification and mapping Assessment- estimation probability of damaging phenomena of a given magnitude in a given area by history, maximu threat , vulnerability analysis a process which result in an understanding of the types and levels of exposure of person, property and the environment to the effect of identified hazards at particular time. Risk analysis DE terming the nature and scale of loses which can be anticipated in a particular area, involves analysis of probability of hazard of a particular magnitude, nature of vulnerability Prevention Activities taken to prevent a natural phenomena or potential hazard from having harmful effects on either people or economic property.
- What are threats available to community as they are biological ,technological How many people effected by disaster What measure taken by people in pervious disaster How many personnel's are trained and handle emergency How many health care centers available for disaster .local agency