The document discusses the potential use of ornamental plants for phytoremediation of heavy metals. Phytoremediation uses plants and their associated microorganisms to remove contaminants from the environment. It is a natural, low-cost process to remediate sites contaminated with heavy metals. Ornamental plants could accumulate heavy metals through their roots and leaves, converting contaminated land into landscapes while preventing metal entry into the food chain. Factors like plant species selection and soil properties influence metal uptake. Phytoremediation provides economic and environmental benefits but also has limitations from contaminant leaching and plant disposal.

1. COURSE WORK SEMINAR (I) ON
POTENTIAL OF ORNAMENTAL PLANTS FOR PHYTOREMEDIATION OF HEAVY
METALS
Presented by
Swayam Prakash Nanda
Environmental Science
Department of chemistry

2. Phytoremediation:-
Use of green plants and their microorganisms to
Reduce toxic contaminant from environment without any excavation.
Key features:-
 Natural process - can be an effective remediation method
at a variety of sites and on numerous contaminants.
 Selected plant species possess the genetic potential to
remove, degrade, metabolize, or immobilize a wide range
of contaminants.

3.  Deep rooted trees, grasses, legumes, and aquatic plants all have
application in the phytoremediation field.
 Plants are able to remove pollutants from the groundwater and store,
metabolize, or volatilize them.
 Plant roots also support a wide variety of microorganisms in the
subsurface. These microorganisms can degrade the contaminants.
 The roots also provide organic carbon sources to promote co-metabolism
in the rhizosphere.

4. • Phytoremediation is use of plants for accumulation,
removal or conversion of pollutants.
PROCESS PHYTOREMEDIATION
Phytoremediation
Phytostabilization
Phytotransformation Phytoextraction
Phytovolatilization Phytostimulation

5. • Approximately 400 plant species have been classified as
hyperaccumulators of heavy metals, such as grasses,
sunflower, corn, hemp, flax, alfalfa, tobacco, willow,
Indian mustard, poplar, water hyacinth, etc.
Popular plant species used for remediation:-

6. Uptake mechanisms on phytoremediation technology The mechanisms of heavy metals uptake by plant
through phytoremediation technology

7. Factors affecting the uptake mechanisms of heavy metals.

8. Objective of taking ornamental plants:-
Contaminant have less chance to enter the food chain.
Contaminated environment converted to landscape ecotourism.
Economic benefits for local people and government .
Useable by-product generated .

10. C
D
A
B

11. 8
2 2’
Bieby Voijant Tangahu et al.2011

12. 6
12
Bieby Voijant Tangahu et al.2011

13. 7
1
5
Bieby Voijant Tangahu et al.2011

14. ADVANTAGES
• Natural method, more aesthetically pleasing.
• The cost of the phytoremediation is lower.
• The plants can be easily monitored.
• Maintain pleasant odour at remediation site.
• Minimal land disturbance.
• Reduces potential for transport of contaminants by wind, reduces soil
erosion
• Hyperaccumulator of contaminants mean a much smaller volume of
toxic waste.
• Multiple contaminants can be removed with the same plant.

15. DISADVANTAGES
• Limited to the surface area and depth occupied by the roots.
• Slow growth and low biomass require a long-term commitment.
• Not possible to completely prevent the leaching of contaminants
into the groundwater.
• The survival of the plants is affected by the toxicity of the
contaminated land and the general condition of the soil.
• Bio-accumulation of contaminants, especially metals, into the
plants which then pass into the food chain, from primary level
consumers to upwards and/or requires the safe disposal of the
affected plant material.

16. Conclusions:-
 Heavy metals uptake by ornamental plants using phytoremediation technology,
seems to be a prosperous way to remediate heavy-metals-contaminated
environment.
 It has some advantages compared with other commonly used conventional
technologies.
 Several factors must be considered in order to accomplish a high performance of
remediation result, The most important factor is a suitable plant species which can
be used to uptake the contaminant.
 the phytoremediation technique seems to be one of the best alternative, it also has
some limitations so Prolong research needs to be conducted to minimize this
limitation in order to apply this technique effectively.

17. References:-
1. R. R. Hinchman, M. C. Negri, and E. G. Gatliff, “Phytoremediation: using green plants to clean up
contaminated soil, groundwater, and wastewater,” Argonne National Laboratory Hinchman, Applied Natural
Sciences, Inc, 1995.
2. S. Roy, S. Labelle, P. Mehta et al., “Phytoremediation of heavy metal and PAH-contaminated brownfield
sites,” Plant and Soil, vol. 272, no. 1-2, pp. 277–290, 2005.
3. A. Erakhrumen and A. Agbontalor, “Review Phytoremediation: an environmentally sound technology for
pollution prevention, control and remediation in developing countries,” Educational Research and Review,
vol. 2, no. 7, pp. 151–156, 2007.
4. A. L. Salido, K. L. Hasty, J. M. Lim, and D. J. Butcher, “Phytoremediation of arsenic and lead in contaminated
soil using Chinese Brake ferns (Pteris vittata) and Indian mustard (Brassica juncea),” International Journal of
Phytoremediation, vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 89–103, 2003.
5. W. Nakbanpote, O. Meesungnoen, M.N.V. Prasad, “Potential of ornamental plants for phytoremediation of
heavy metals and income generation”, Mahasarakham University, Maha Sarakham, Thailand, University of
Hyderabad, Hyderabad, Telangana, India,2016
6. I. D. Pulford, D. Riddell-Black, and C. Stewart, “Heavy metal uptake by willow clones from sewage sludge-
treated soil: the potential for phytoremediation,” International Journal of Phytoremediation, vol. 4, no. 1,
pp. 59–72, 2002.