3. Lab Session 3
1. CSS-Cascading Style Sheets-
1.1. CSS Selectors
1.2. Html divs & css
2. CSS-Box Model
3. CSS Font & Size-
CSS Dimension Properties
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4. 3. CSS-Cascading Style Sheets
• CSS is the language we use to style an HTML document.
• CSS describes how HTML elements should be displayed.
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6. CSS-Selectors
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A CSS selector selects the HTML elements you want
to style.
CSS Selectors
CSS selectors are used to find or select the HTML elements you want to
style.
We can divide CSS selectors into five categories:
1. Simple selectors - (select elements based on name, id, class)
2. Combinator selectors - (select elements based on a specific
relationship between them)
3. Pseudo-class selectors - (select elements based on a certain state)
4. Pseudo-elements selectors - (select and style a part of an
element)
5. Attribute selectors - (select elements based on an attribute or
attribute value)
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The CSS element Selector
The element selector selects HTML elements
based on the element name.
Example
Here, all <p> elements on the page will be center-
aligned, with a red text color:
p {
text-align: center;
color: red;
}
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The CSS id Selector
The id selector uses the id attribute of an HTML element to
select a specific element.
The id of an element is unique within a page, so the id
selector is used to select one unique element!
To select an element with a specific id, write a hash (#)
character, followed by the id of the element.
Example
The CSS rule below will be applied to the HTML element
with id="pid1":
#pid1{
text-align: center;
color: red;
}
Note: An id name cannot start with a number !
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• The class selector selects HTML elements with a specific
class attribute.
• To select elements with a specific class, write a period (.)
character, followed by the class name.
• Example
In this example all HTML elements with class="center" will
be red and center-aligned:
.center {
text-align: center;
color: red;
}
You can also specify that only specific HTML elements
should be affected by a class
The CSS class Selector
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In this example only <p> elements with class="center" will be red and center-
aligned:
p.center {
text-align: center;
color: red;
}
HTML elements can also refer to more than one class.
Example
In this example the <p> element will be styled according to class="center" and to
class="large":
<p class="center large">This paragraph refers to two classes.</p>
Class selector Examples
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CSS Universal Selector
• The universal selector (*) selects all HTML
elements on the page.
• Example
The CSS rule below will affect every HTML
element on the page:
* {
text-align: center;
color: blue;
}
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The CSS Grouping Selector
The grouping selector selects all the HTML elements with the same style
definitions.
Look at the following CSS code (the h1, h2, and p elements have the same
style definitions):
h1 {
text-align: center;
color: red;
}
h2 {
text-align: center;
color: red;
}
p {
text-align: center;
color: red;
}
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Selector Example Example description
#id #firstname Selects the element with
id="firstname"
.class .intro Selects all elements with
class="intro"
element.class p.intro Selects only <p> elements with
class="intro"
* * Selects all elements
element p Selects all <p> elements
element,element,.. div, p Selects all <div> elements and all
<p> elements
All CSS Simple Selectors
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What is Favicon ?
Favicons are the small image icons that appear next to
a website's title in the tab of a browser window. ... Because
you can also use them as desktop app icons, you need at least
a few different sizes that can be included in a favicon
ICO file type.
A favicon short for favorite icon, also known as a shortcut
icon, website icon, tab icon, URL icon, or bookmark icon, is a file
containing one or more small icons,associated with a particular website
or web page.A web designer can create such an icon and upload it to a
website (or web page) by several means, and graphical web browsers will
then make use of it.Browsers that provide favicon support typically display
a page's favicon in the browser's address bar (sometimes in the history as
well) and next to the page's name in a list of bookmarks.Browsers that
support a tabbed document interface typically show a page's favicon next
to the page's title on the tab, and site-specific browsers use the favicon as
a desktop icon
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• In CSS, the term "box model" is used
when talking about design and layout.
• The CSS box model is essentially a box
that wraps around every HTML element.
• It consists of: margins, borders, padding,
and the actual content. The image below
illustrates the box model:
CSS BOX MODEL
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CSS BOX MODEL
• Content - The content of the box, where text and images appear
• Padding - Clears an area around the content. The padding is transparent
• Border - A border that goes around the padding and content
• Margin - Clears an area outside the border. The margin is transparent
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Here is the calculation:
320px (width)
+ 20px (left + right padding)
+ 10px (left + right border)
+ 0px (left + right margin)
= 350px
The total width of an element should be calculated like this:
Total element width = width + left padding + right padding + left border +
right border + left margin + right margin
The total height of an element should be calculated like this:
Total element height = height + top padding + bottom padding + top border +
bottom border + top margin + bottom margin
This <div> element will have a total width of 350px:
div {
width: 320px;
padding: 10px;
border: 5px solid gray;
margin: 0;
}
Example
BoxModel
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CSS Font Families
Serif fonts have a small stroke at the edges of each letter. They create a
sense of formality and elegance.
Sans-serif fonts have clean lines (no small strokes attached). They
create a modern and minimalistic look.
Monospace fonts - here all the letters have the same fixed width. They
create a mechanical look.
Cursive fonts imitate human handwriting.
Fantasy fonts are decorative/playful fonts.
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CSS Fonts Example
Specify some different fonts for three paragraphs:
.p1
{
font-family: "Times New Roman", Times,
serif;
}
.p2
{
font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;
}
.p3
{
font-family: "Lucida Console", "Courier
New", monospace;
}
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Property Description
height Sets the height of an element
max-height Sets the maximum height of an element
max-width Sets the maximum width of an element
min-height Sets the minimum height of an element
min-width Sets the minimum width of an element
width Sets the width of an element
CSS Dimension Properties
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div
{
height: 200px;
width: 50%;
background-color: powderblue;
}
Example
This <div> element has a height of 100 pixels and a max-width of 500 pixels:
div {
max-width: 500px;
height: 100px;
background-color: powderblue;
}
CSS height and width
The CSS height and width properties are used to set the height
and width of an element.
The CSS max-width property is used to set the maximum width of
an element.
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<html>
<head>
<title>Swapnali-101</title>
</head>
<body style="background-color:#F9F9F9;">
<center>
<h1 style="color:#54436B;background-color:F6C6EA">Government College Of Engineering Karad</h1>
<h2 style="color:red; background-color:#CDF0EA;">Web Programming And Scripting Experiments</h2>
<hr>
<h3>Roll Number :101</h3>
<h3>Student Name: Swapnali Pawar</h3>
<hr>
<table border=1>
<thead>
<th>Experiment No</th>
<th>Experiment Name</th>
<th>Experiment Link</th>
</thead>
<tr>
<td>1</td>
<td>Create Your Personal Site</td>
<td><a href="dataExperiment1.html">MySite1</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>2</td>
<td>Create Site Using Button Link Map</td>
<td><a href="dataExperiment2.html">MySite2</a></td>
</tr>
</table>
</center>
</body>
</html>
Host Experiments on Live Hosting Site
