Rainwater Harvesting: Conserving Water at DHS
Hot Water Tank
Rain Water Harvesting
How To Write A Fog Harvesting Essay
Measurement Folio Task : Rainwater Harvesting
Advantages And Disadvantages Of Rooftops
Why Is Tap Water Better Than Rainwater
Rain Water Harvesting
Disadvantages Of Dry Storage Containers
Harvesting Risks
The Importance of Rainwater Producing
1. INTRODUCTION
It is widely known that water covers up to 70% of our planet's surface. However, we have never
been able to have enough fresh water to meet our demands. Up until now, 1.1 billion people
worldwide still lack the access to usable water sources and a total of 2.7 billion find water scarce
for at least one month of the year. (WWF) Even in a centralized industry area, the main water supply
system sometimes not able to meet the demand.
Water crisis is now a global problem. Since the 1950s till this present date the population of world
has increased into double. The use of water is increasing but the sources are constant for safe
water. The world is facing an overall of deficit of fresh water. Therefore, the need to find an
additional water resource is inevitable.
Rainwater...show more content...
ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF THE PROJECT
In times of such crisis today, rainwater harvest is indeed a blessing. However, there is no perfect
solution for a reality problem.
Below we are going to highlight some advantage and disadvantages of rainwater harvesting.
Advantage
1.Rain water harvest relieves pressure on other water sources. In a small community such in rural or
mountain area, rainwater supply can co–exist with other sources and can act as a supplement to
them. (CEF, 2013)
2.Safe, drinkable reserved rainwater can be the solution when there is a calamity or an outbreak of
safe water. It can help us prevent many diseases and epidemic to spread wide during water crises due
to the use of unclean, contaminated water.
3.Storing excess rain water during rainy season can help reduce the possibility of. Drainage
overload can also be prevented by keeping drinkable fresh water from the rainwater. Furthermore,
water from flood can also be well taken care of and utilized by the rain harvesting system.(GDRC,
2015)
4.It can help reduce soil erosion during rainy
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2. Rainwater Harvesting: Conserving Water at DHS
Decatur High School uses water for numerous tasks on a daily basis. Whether its watering schools
lawns, washing animals at the Ag building, watering greenhouse plants, or cooking in the cafeteria
and washing one's hands; DHS could not function without the readily available supply of water.
Unfortunately, water has become scarcer in Texas over the past few years, because of extreme
drought conditions. Due to the limited supply of water in Wise County and surrounding areas,
DHS should install a rainwater harvesting system. People often take water for granted, assuming
that it will always be readily available. They see endless pictures of beautiful lakes, rivers, and
oceans that have an abundance of crystal clear water on websites such as...show more content...
In the same way, Georgia Tech created a 6000–gallon collection system that waters landscape and
allows over flow to travel to a nearby pond ("Old Civil"). These two schools are merely examples
of the hundreds of schools seeking to make a positive impact on their environment. At CHRIS Kids,
a foster care system in Atlanta, Georgia, a 19,400–gallon collection tank was built to provide water
for irrigation. Property manager Harold Moreau stated "We use those gallons of water for our
irrigation. The property has a lot of natural vegetation, and with the readily available source of
water from the cistern, we're able to water accordingly as well as reduce costs, because we're not
taking in any city water to use for our irrigation program"("CHRIS Kids"). Building a proper
rainwater system can be rather expensive upfront; however, many organizations offer funding to
assist with the cost and in the long run, the benefits will outweigh the cost that was spent to build
it. According to the Texas Water Development Board, a typical collection system for a home will
cost between eight to ten thousand dollars ("Frequently Asked Questions"). While this sounds like
an outrageous price to collect a small amount of water, systems can actually collect a lot of water
from only a little amount of rain. The average rainfall in Austin is 32 inches annually, but homes
can collect up to 34,000 gallons of water per year ("Frequently Asked
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3. The list below are some creative and innovative solutions to water scarcity. Very basic technology,
such as rainwater collection, water filtration, building wells and water desalination can be some
solutions, but they are not included in this list, as it is already very common and many countries
/communities/fundraisers have employed these technologies already. Innovative Technology P&G
PUR Packets (for cities/towns with contaminated water) The PUR packet is a small pack of
powder that can quickly turn 10 liters of dirty water to clean and drinkable water. Developed by
P&G and the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), the PUR packet removes
pathogenic microorganisms and suspended matter, making previously contaminated water clean.
Watch a video of how it works: http://www.pg.com/pur_packet.shtml. Atmospheric Humidity
Collector (for cities/towns with lack of water) Lima, Peru is one of the driest places on Earth and
over 700,000 people have no access to clean water. However, Lima's atmospheric humidity is over
90 percent. Therefore, Peru's University of Engineering and Technology (UTEC) thought of a way to
turn the humid air into clean and drinkable water. They built a humidity–collecting billboard in the
Bujama District of Lima. Electricity from the city's power lines runs the five condensers inside the
billboard. When air contacts the cooled surfaces of the condensers, the air also cools, and the water
vapor in the air condenses into liquid water. After
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4. Hot Water Tank
LAB REPORT
"Hot water tank"
QUALIFICTION: NATIONAL DIPLOMA
SUBJECT: CONTROL SYSTEMS 2
SUBJECT CODE: ASY 211
Student nВ°: 201228212
Surname: KALA
Initials: T.G.
20th /05/2014
Experiments to consider
i.Basic sequence1 ii. Basic sequence 2 iii. Batch count sequence iv. Automatic reset
v.Soaking period (version 1) vi. Soaking period (version 2)
i.HWT 1 (Basic sequence1)
Objective
The aim of this experiment is to build and understand the basics of the operation of a hot water tank
sequence.
This experiment actually introduces the basic functions and the use of a hot water tank.
Procedure:
From the beginning of the sequence the tank is empty and all the valves will be closed (not active),
once the start button which is (I07) on the diagram is pressed inlet valve fast which is (Q01) will
open and will then start filling the tank with the water. The level of water in the tank will start
rising and once the water reaches the min level which is (I01), (I01) will sense the water and will turn
on, once the water has rose and reached the max level (I04), I04 will turn on and will cause the
inlet valve to close and outlet valve (Q03) to open and the tank will then start to drain the water.
Now to stop the sequence, the outlet valve will close as soon as the water goes below the min level
(I01).
Circuit Diagram
Figure 1 (Basic Sequence 1)
ii.HWT 2 (Basic sequence 2)
Objective Same as first experiment but this time we have been asked to design a system
6. Rain Water Harvesting
–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
Rainwater harvesting
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia | This article includes a list of references, but its sources
remain unclear because it has insufficient inline citations. Please help toimprove this article by
introducing more precise citations. (June 2012)|
Rainwater harvesting is the accumulating and storing of rainwater for reuse before it reaches the
aquifer. It has been used to provide drinking water, water for livestock, water for irrigation, as well as
other typical uses. Rainwater collected from the roofs of houses and local institutions can make an
important contribution to the availability of drinking water. See also first flush. Contents [show] |
...show more content...
Veeranam is a 16–kilometre (9.9 mi) long tank with a storage capacity of 1,465 mcft.
[edit]Present day * Currently in China and Brazil, rooftop rainwater harvesting is being practiced
for providing drinking water, domestic water, water for livestock, water for small irrigation and a
way to replenish ground water levels. Gansu province in China and semi–arid north east Brazil have
the largest rooftop rainwater harvesting projects ongoing. * In Bermuda, the law requires all new
construction to include rainwater harvesting adequate for the residents. * The U.S. Virgin Islands
have a similar law. * In Senegal and Guinea–Bissau, the houses of the Diola–people are frequently
equipped with homebrew rainwater harvesters made from local, organic materials. * In the
Irrawaddy Delta of Myanmar, the groundwater is saline and communities rely on mud–lined
rainwater ponds to meet their drinking water needs throughout the dry season. Some of these ponds
are centuries old and are treated with great reverence and respect.
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7. CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
1.1BACKGROUND
Rainwater harvesting system (RWHS) is a direct collection of water from roofs and other purpose
built catchments. It is also as the collection of sheet runoff from a made–man ground or natural
surface catchments and rock catchments for domestic, industry, agriculture and environmental use
(Abdul Hamid & Nordin, 2011). Normally, RWHS is depended to the size of the roof catchment
area and the available rainfall. RWHS usually have six components. There are the catchment area,
gutter and downspout, a filtration system, a storage system, a delivery system and a treatment
system. According to (M. Martim & W. Watkins, Jr, 2010, pp. 2000
–2009) RWHS is a roof
collection system which has three main...show more content...
The government is trying to promote the application of RWH systems in buildings, houses, mosques
and others. Therefore, the RWH systems are not considered as a new phenomenon.
The RWH systems apply an environmental friendly design. People throughout Malaysia lack enough
knowledge of knowing the benefits RWH systems. Within the support and effort of government in
promoting the application of RWH systems, the numbers of buildings and others using the RWH
systems increased.
The establishment of National Hydraulic Research Institute of Malaysia (NAHRIM) make people
aware to study how the importance of RWH systems actually. Based on NAHRIM, approximately
RWH systems begun implemented during of drought crisis in 1998 which brought unpleasant water
supply disruptions for Klang Valley folks.
Although, the application is still ongoing, the implementation of RWH systems in building offices
not widely use. This implementation is executed more on green building offices. From these
circumstances, it seems like RWH systems only competence to the green buildings because RWH
systems is non environmental impact and it design for green. Here, we will look how far
differences of efficiency RWH System between green building and non green building on this study.
Besides, RWH systems are described as water and energy efficiency that had further explained in
background. Although, RWH
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8. How To Write A Fog Harvesting Essay
Water is the biggest necessity for all humans to have on this earth. Every person needs water in
their body to be able to live. Other than drinking, water has many more uses that people take
advantage of. It is used for cooling machinery, it can be used as a source of power, to water crops,
and much more. Unfortunately, not everybody has access to a stable water source. Right now,
several states such as California, Nevada, and Oregon have severe drought. Many people are
unable to use a toilet because they don't have the amount of water needed to flush it. In fact, 1.6
million people in America don't have any sort of access to indoor plumbing at all.. Seeing how big
of a problem it is, many states have already taken action through various methods to obtain more
water. More operations have begun to obtain more water from different sources, and many states
have employed methods to clean dirty water and give it to the people. Despite these efforts, the
reality is that there are still too many people without access to water, and the level of drought that
some of our states have is too much. There is one method that has been used within a minor scale in
some other countries that requires some more attention, which is called fog harvesting. Fog
harvesting is a method that should be used much more in areas that lack water because it is
environmentally friendly, is easy to construct, requires no constant attention or care, and it simply
provides a great amount of water. As shown
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9. INTRODUCTION
It is widely known that water covers up to 70% of our planet's surface. However, we have never
been able to have enough fresh water to meet our demands. Up until now, 1.1 billion people
worldwide still lack the access to usable water sources and a total of 2.7 billion find water scarce
for at least one month of the year. (WWF) Even in a centralized industry area, the main water supply
system sometimes not able to meet the demand.
Water crisis is now a global problem. Since the 1950s till this present date the population of world
has increased into double. The use of water is increasing but the sources are constant for safe
water. The world is facing an overall of deficit of fresh water. Therefore, the need to find an
additional water resource is inevitable.
Rainwater...show more content...
ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF THE PROJECT
In times of such crisis today, rainwater harvest is indeed a blessing. However, there is no perfect
solution for a reality problem.
Below we are going to highlight some advantage and disadvantages of rainwater harvesting.
Advantage
1.Rain water harvest relieves pressure on other water sources. In a small community such in rural or
mountain area, rainwater supply can co–exist with other sources and can act as a supplement to
them. (CEF, 2013)
2.Safe, drinkable reserved rainwater can be the solution when there is a calamity or an outbreak of
safe water. It can help us prevent many diseases and epidemic to spread wide during water crises due
to the use of unclean, contaminated water.
3.Storing excess rain water during rainy season can help reduce the possibility of. Drainage
overload can also be prevented by keeping drinkable fresh water from the rainwater. Furthermore,
water from flood can also be well taken care of and utilized by the rain harvesting system.(GDRC,
2015)
4.It can help reduce soil erosion during rainy
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10. Measurement Folio Task : Rainwater Harvesting
Measurement Folio Task
Rainwater Harvesting
Introduction:
In today's world, the scarcity of water due to global warming and climate changes is a major
problem. This cannot be reduced just by introducing water restrictions, it is necessary to collect and
store water in order to use them during droughts and situations where the supply of water is limited.
For this purpose, many cities have decided to build rainwater harvesting tanks in order to collect and
store rainwater for future use.
Rainwater can be used in various ways including watering gardens, toilet flushes, household chores
etc. Though, it is not advisable to drink rainwater, it can still be used for cooking after being boiled
or cleansed.
This report will include investigating several things such as the sizes of the tanks required for a
certain volume of water, the volume of water that should be used during different times of the year
and so on.
Through this task, common questions like– What is the capacity of rainfall that my roof can catch?
How often does rainfall occur? / What is the average rainfall in my area? What dimensions of the
tank would I need, to save a certain amount of water? How much water would I need for a certain
period of time? Would be answered
Answers
To prove: 1mm of rain that falls on 1m2 of surface = 1 litre of water in the tank.
L.H.S= 1 mm of rain on 1m2 of surface
Volume/ Capacity = h*A
= 1mm * 1m2
= 0.001m * 1m2 (Since 1mm= 0.001m)
= 0.001m3
1m3 = 1000 litre
в€
ґ
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11. Rainwater collection can help minimize the demand for water that gardening makes during the
hottest, driest periods. Rain barrels are a great way to capitalize on this free source of water.
Reasonably priced and easy to install, gardeners are advised to take a look at utilizing rain
barrels. Rainwater collection for use during dry spells is not new technology; rainwater has been
being collected for over 2,000 years. This ancient technology has found new life among today 's
green gardeners. Costs of municipal water are rising and drought restrictions now face many areas
of the United States. While the average American may not be inclined to install a large cistern in
their yard, rain barrels provide a reasonably priced and easily installed option that produces a nice
supplement to traditional water sources. Water is a much valued and often taken for granted natural
resource. Water is essential to life, human, critter, plant and other. Many Americans turn on the tap,
leave it running for whatever their intended purpose, such as brushing one 's teeth, and never give a
thought to the big picture of water shortages around the world. Often gardeners turn on their
sprinklers with not much thought beyond their knowledge that their plants need a thorough
soaking. It may seem to some that water is in abundance. Lakes and rivers may dot the topo map
of your region. However, consider these facts. Though 70% of the Earth surface is water only 2.5%
is fresh water (as opposed to salt
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12. Advantages And Disadvantages Of Rooftops
In Cairo, Manshiet Nasser is a prime location for Zabbaleen which are local collectors of garbage.
They are supposed to recycle the city's waste and they recycle as much as 80% of the collected
refuse (Simpson, 2016). Most of the rooftops at this area is used as a space for storing, segregating
garbage, and processing Garbage where it is considered as a valuable resource of income and
business. Residence and work areas are attached to one another.
In downtown Cairo, Zamalek, and some other areas. Many rooftops are used as residence
especially in the areas where the buildings' rooftops do have previously service rooms for drivers
and maids' Focusing more on such areas, it's also considered as suitable living areas(s) for many
families that couldn't find the suitable homes, especially with the shortage of housing units. Having
these rooftops with basic conditions of living standards, prime location among the city, is not a bad
idea to be hosting many residents.
5. Literature review
5.1. Green roof definition.
A green roof is defined as a living roof at the top of a building which is either partly or totally
covered with vegetation and a growing medium and underneath it is a strong and water resistant
membrane. Some additional layers are sometimes included in it as well like root barrier along with
a system of irrigation and drainage. Plants are grown on the top of the roofs and this helps in the
replacement of vegetated footprints which were lost while constructing the
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13. Author: Chien–Lin Haung, Nien–Sheng Hsu, Chih–Chiang Wei, and Wei–Jiun Luo Optimal Spatial
Design of Capacity and Quantity of Rainwater Harvesting Systems for Urban Flood Mitigation http:/
/www.mdpi.com/2073–4441/7/9/5173/htm The change of global climate and the increasing rate of
severe hydrological events, combined with Taiwan's densely populated and overdeveloped areas.
Flooding caused by heavy rainfall is more than what it can handle. When there is a typhoon and
heavy rainfall, the water level rise very quickly. The pumping stations cannot handle that much
water, and can't keep up with the water levels. Over time, they have debated about putting in
rainwater harvest systems. Rainwater harvest systems are containers that collect roof...show more
content...
In 2012, Campisano and Modica created a dimensionless methodology for the best design of
domestic rainwater harvest systems. From these studies, it can be proved that the previous research
had poorly designed the intake of the rainwater harvest systems. The size of the designs of rainwater
harvest systems were kept in small communities. They also lacked consideration of all metropolitan
catchments varying in special capacity and quality of the systems. The second category in rainwater
harvest systems is simulation and evaluation of the effectiveness. First the research included
evaluating the possible potential for safe to drink water savings by using rainwater in residential
areas. The second thing that was in the research was estimating nonpotable household potential. With
the performance of storage type, and investigating the potential benefits from sharing rainwater
harvest systems with neighbors by using rainfall data. Establishing the probabilistic relationships
between storage capacities and deficit rates of rainwater harvest systems was some of the next things
that were used to consideration. These studies weren't really considered for the surface and sewer
flowing after rainwater. There are many studies evaluating the performance and reliability if
rainwater harvest systems using numerical or hydrological models. Jones and Hunt figured
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14. Why Is Tap Water Better Than Rainwater
Rainwater and Tap Water
For many years, commoners debated whether tap water or rainwater is better for the growth of
plants. These waters have different levels of salinity and different PH levels. The higher level of
the salinity, the lower chance of plant growth and vise versa . The lower level of the salinity, the
higher chance of plant growth. Also the lower PH level, the higher chance of plant growth. The
higher PH level, the lower chance of plant growth. Rainwater is better for the plant's growth due to
the lower level of salinity and the lower level of PH.
According to Freshly Squeezed Water (1), an organization that fits filtration systems in homes and
businesses, tap water contains more salinity than rainwater (FreshlySqueezedWater 1). Salinity is not
good from plants because it can absorbs the plant's water which can be very harmful to its growth.
Tap water also contains arsenic, radium, aluminum, copper, lead, mercury, cadmium, and fluoride.
Fluoride can build up in the plant's tissues which can lead to defects in photosynthesis. Due to the
fluoride within the water, tap water is not a good choice for plants. Also many...show more content...
Ken Rubin 1). Acid rain is rainfall that contains acid from atmospheric pollution. The amount of acid
in rainfall differs from where the rainfall is from. Dr.Ken Rubin wrote on how acid rain affects
plants. Acid rain affects plants differently due to the makeup of the plant's tissues and the makeup
of the soil. This effect is neither good nor bad depending on the makeup of the plant and the soil.
Dr.Ken also stated that the excess acid in soil can dissolve soil substrate, leading to erosion. This is
very harmful to the growth of the plant's because erosion can lead to the absence of nutrient within
the soil. Rainwater can have a harmful effect on the growth of the plant due to acid
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15. Rain Water Harvesting
RAINWATER HARVESTING
Other Information
In the present scenario management and distribution of water has become centralized. People
depend on government system, which has resulted in disruption of community participation in water
management and collapse of traditional water harvesting system.
As the water crisis continues to become severe, there is a dire need of reform in water
management system and revival of traditional systems. Scientific and technological studies needs to
be carried out to assess present status so as to suggest suitable mitigative measures for the revival to
traditional system/wisdom. Revival process should necessarily be backed by people 's...show more
content...
This method is less expensive and very effective and if implemented properly helps in augmenting
the ground water level of the area.
Components of the roof top rainwater harvesting system
The illustrative design of the basic components of roof top rainwater harvesting system is given in
the following typical schematic diagram/
The system mainly constitutes of following sub components:
В§ Catchment
В§ Transportation
В§ First flush
В§ Filter
The surface that receives rainfall directly is the catchment of rainwater harvesting system. It may be
terrace, courtyard, or paved or unpaved open ground. The terrace may be flat RCC/stone roof or
sloping roof. Therefore the catchment is the area, which actually contributes rainwater to the
harvesting system.
Transportation
Rainwater from rooftop should be carried through down take water pipes or drains to storage
/harvesting system. Water pipes should be UV resistant (ISI HDPE/PVC pipes) of required capacity.
16. Water from sloping roofs could be caught through gutters and down take pipe. At terraces, mouth of
the each drain should have wire mesh to restrict floating material.
First Flush
First flush is a device used to flush off the water received in first shower. The first shower of rains
needs to be flushed–off to avoid contaminating storable/rechargeable water by the probable
contaminants of the atmosphere and the catchment roof. It
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17. What Are The Best Options For Harvesting Stormwater?
Explore the Reuse options for harvesting stormwater.
Christopher Dinh
Undergraduate Student, School of Civil Engineering
Queensland University of Technology, Gardens Point Campus
2 George Street, Brisbane, 4001
Abstract
The aim of this technical conference paper is to explore the reuse options for Stormwater Harvesting.
There are several options that are explored and described in detail, in order to determine the most
efficient.
Introduction
The recent drought in Australia has raised the need for more efficient, sustainable management of
water sources throughout urban areas in the ever–changing diverse Australian climate; with major
objectives of reducing water pollution and...show more content...
Stormwater Harvesting
Stormwater Harvesting projects typically cost millions of dollars. With the larger the scale of the
scheme, the larger the costs of funding, but in return millions of litres of water can potentially be
saved annually [4]. Having said that, there are still millions of dollars invested into unprecedented
pilot projects which inevitably become invaluable learning opportunities to determine which means
can be utilised best as being the most cost–effective. Developing successful Stormwater Harvesting
schemes are reliant upon pilot projects which can provide specific guidance by means of producing
new ideas and principles. However, there are a few constant elements that are generally common in
all Stormwater Harvesting schemes developed, which will be discussed below.
In a typical Stormwater Harvesting scheme, there are several stages that are critical to the process.
Unlike basic "Rainwater Harvesting", which simply involves collecting the water runoffs from roofs,
Stormwater Harvesting incorporates several common elements across the varying methods which
include the collection (harvesting) of runoff water from drains, treatment, storage and distribution
into urban areas [1].
Harvest
Stormwater is harvested from a water source (e.g. drain).
If the source is owned by a private owner or government body sector, a licence will need to be
attained.
Treatment
The harvested stormwater is treated to a water quality level that is
19. Disadvantages Of Dry Storage Containers
Dry storage containers are most commonly available in 10, 20 and 40 feet lengths. They are widely
used and found in a variety of colours depending on their branding and label. Nevertheless, they
come in high cubes as well, whereby the height of the containers are slightly higher than the standard
ones. The most striking advantage of using dry storage container is that they are highly reusable.
They are constructed mainly with different compositions of steel such as structural steel, wieldable
steel that are weather proof and non–corrosive in the long run. they are both durable and strong.
Moreover, a steel lockbox feature may be added to it to enhance the security. It is mostly constructed
with different compositions of steel for the entire...show more content...
They generally come in 20 and 40 feet length which is similar to that of the dry storage container.
However, due to the refrigeration unit and ventilation equipment, some space are occupied
resulting in a slight decrease in cargo space available. It is a temperature controlled container that
can go as low as negative 60 degree Celsius or even high temperature too if required. They are
even equipped with a dehumidifier to ensure optimal humidity and some even offer the control
over the atmosphere such as adjusting the composition of air inside the container. They are often
used for the shipment of perishables such as flowers and fruits like bananas or even frozen
goods.Its refrigeration unit is connected to the carrying ship's electrical power supply and in some
cases an external battery Air Freight Container / Pallet Air Freight Containers are also known as
Unit Load Devices (ULD). They are constructed with sheets of aluminum that are specially molded
to fit plane's profile. the various edges of the plane so as to maximize the limited amount of space.
They are certified for air–worthiness to make sure they won't jeopardise flight safety or harm the
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20. RAIN WATER HARVESTING AND ARTIFICIAL RECHARGE OF GROUND WATER
RAJASTHAN CONTEXT by Dr. S. K. GUPTA
Scientist 'D' Central Ground Water Board Western Region, Jaipur
Rain water harvesting and Artificial recharge of ground water
Rainwater harvesting is the technique of collection
and storage of rain water at surface or in subsurface aquifer, before it is lost as surface run off or as
evaporation.
The artificial recharge to ground water is a process by which the ground water reservoir is
augmented at a rate exceeding that under natural conditions of replenishment utilizing suitable civil
construction techniques.
Identification of Area
Areas where availability of ground water is inadequate in lean months. Areas where groundwater
levels...show more content...
Check Dam, Cement Plug, Nala Bund
A series of small bunds are made across selected nala sections such that the flow of surface water
in the stream channel is impeded and water is retained on pervious soil/rock surface for longer
period. Nala bunds are constructed across bigger nalas of second order streams in areas having
gentler slopes. A nala bund acts like a mini percolation tank.
Horizontal Section of Nala Bund
Vertical Section of Nala Bund
Site Characteristic and Design Guidelines
The total catchment of the nala should normally be between 40 to 100 Hectares. The rainfall in the
catchment should be 25 m). Aquifer is over lain by impervious thick clay beds. Injection well can be
with or without assembly. The Injection well with assembly should have screen in the potential
aquifer at least 3–5 m below the water level. The injection well without assembly is filled with
gravel to provide hydraulic continuity so that water is directly recharged into the aquifer.
 
The injection well without assembly is very costeffective. The efficiency is very high and rate of
recharge goes even up to 15 1ps at certain places. Vertical Shaft with Injection Well
Rainwater Harvesting Structure, Collectorate Building, Jaipur
Lateral Recharge Shaft
21. пЃ±
Ideally suited for areas where permeable sandy horizon is within 3 meter
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22. Harvesting Risks
Harvesting Risks
Table of Contents
Ethical Strategy.........................................................................................................3
Ethical Manner...........................................................................................................3
Ethics Code...............................................................................................................3
The Consequences.......................................................................................................4
A Modified Code.......................................................................................................5
Exporting Pesticides....................................................................................................5
The Pros..................................................................................................................6
The Cons..................................................................................................................6
Is it Justifiable............................................................................................................6
Amvac Stocks............................................................................................................7
Ethical Strategy
Does Amvac have an ethical strategy? In my opinion, Amvac does not have an ethical strategy. The
reason for this is because there were...show more content...
I do not think it is ethical to have mevinphos banned in the United States were as in other foreign
countries it is permitted to be used.
The Pros
What are the pros and cons of such an approach from the perspective of various stakeholders? The
pros from such a law would be that people would not be exposed to such dangerous products.
Consequently, symptoms such as nauseas, vomiting, or cancer would lower among people because
they would not be a result of these products. Another pro is that the environment would be safer
throughout the world if the products were to be banned in other countries as well. Also the fact that
Amvac would not be sued anymore because it would not sell such dangerous products. The fact that
several animals would have the insects that were being killed back in their food chain.
The Cons
If the United States was the only country to ban these products, one of the cons would be that it is
not ethical to sell these dangerous products to another country. Another con would be that the
stocks that Amvac has in the United States would be lowered down because it would no longer be
sold in the United States. As a result Amvac and several others would lose a lot of money. Is it
Justifiable In terms of costs, benefits, and risks, does the value to society of pesticides such as
dibromochloropropane, mevinphos, and dichlorvos justify their use or to warrant the risks they
pose? No, the risks in my
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23. The Importance of Rainwater Producing
Rainwater producing is the accumulation and deposition of rainwater for reuse beforehand that up to
groundwater. Also, is a method of collection and storage of rain water in external (reservoirs) or
groundwater below the external of the earth beforehand you become capitulated as external runoff.
Architects and builders are nowadays routinely constructing arrangements to make sure we uphold
water stocks. A little of the arrangements most oftentimes installed at the nowadays are those
projected for rainwater harvesting. In easy words, this has been projected to arrest and storage
rainwater that falls on the external in order to be reused in the houses and in the business.
Uses contain water of the park, water for livestock, indoor warming of the residences and water for
irrigation intentions etc. Rainwater that has been amassed of the surfaces of houses, tents and innate
institutions, or from specially coordinated spans of earth, might make an vital contribution to
drinking water.( Anon, 2009 )
It is a style to rise the nutrition of groundwater across storage rainwater innately, by rooftop water
producing, packaged to engraved wells (Thompson,2010 ). From the main goals of rainwater
producing is:
Supplement internal water needs.
To face the producing demand from water
To amass rainwater.
To supply water to garden.
To craft awareness concerning rainwater producing system.
This assignment debates concerning water conservation across the adoption of rainwater
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