This document provides an overview of coal, including its history, formation, types, availability, uses, and effects. It discusses how coal is an unrenewable fossil fuel formed from prehistoric vegetation over millions of years. The document outlines coal's role as an energy source throughout history and today, providing statistics on its current global consumption and reserves. Both advantages and disadvantages of coal are presented, with disadvantages including health impacts from mining and air pollution, as well as environmental effects.

1. MALAVIYA NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
JAIPUR
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

2. WHAT IS ENERGY
2.
WHAT IS COAL
3.
HISTORY
4.
CONSUMPTION
5.
ENERGY LOSS
6.
COAL FORMATION
7.
TYPES
8.
AVALIBILITY
9.
COAL MINES
10. DANGERS OF COAL MINES
11. PRESENT USE
12. FUTURE USE
13. ADVANTAGE
14. DISADVANTAGE
15. VARIOUS EFFECTS
1.

5. 
- COAL IS AN UNRENEWABLE SOURCE OF
FUEL
WHY?

- COAL IS FORMED FROM VEGETATION
THAT CAN BE AS OLD AS 400 MILLION
YEARS OLD. (THAT IS WHY IT’S CALLED A
FOSSIL FUEL)

6. 



The earliest use of coal in the Americas was the
Aztecs
In the 1300s in what is now the United States,
Native Americans used coal for cooking,
making clay pots, and heating.
Large-scale coal mining developed in the
Industrial Revolution when demands for
energy skyrocketed
The first documented mining of coal in the US
was 50 tons dug in 1748 in Virginia

7. 
In the past, coal had a variety of uses.
Gas for gas lights
 domestic heating, railroad fuel and for stationery
steam engines.
 Heating for the iron and steel industries
 Weapons for the civil war


8. Over time
different ways of
creating energy
have been
discovered.
These ways are a
lot more complex
it effects the
environment a
lot. Some of the
ways that have
been developed
over time are
Biomass, Wind,
Geothermal, and
Hydropower.
These ways are
not only a lot
better for the
environment but
more efficient.
Coal covers about 21% of energy consumption. Even
though it isn't the smart choice it will still keep our cities
running until the next 25+ years.

10. 60.00%
55.60%
50.00%
40.00%
25.90%
30.00%
20.00%
9.90%
10.00%
5.00%
2.70%
0.90%
ab
le
en
ew
R
as
G
il
O
oa
l
C
uc
le
ar
N
H
yd
ro
0.00%

11. •50% of coal
•80% of natural gas
•65% of oil

12. Energy lost from coal
65% lost in
power plants
10% lost on
transmission lines
(stray voltage)

13. Formation of coal
Organic matter derived mostly from land
plants accumulates in low-energy
environment (like a swamp).
Oxidative decay uses up lots of oxygen,
rendering the sediment pore waters devoid
of oxygen (anoxic).
Gentle cooking and pressing (lithification)
as a result of increasing burial depth
remove the pore water and increase carbon
content (due to release of volatile
components of the organic molecules).
Low grade coal (lignite) cooked very little.
High grade coal (anthracite) cooked a lot
(close to being a metamorphic rock).
Lower grade coal tends to contain minerals
such as pyrite, which formed under the
reducing (low-oxygen) conditions.

14. HOW IS COAL FORMED?
PEAT – DECOMPOSED
SUBMERGED PLANT
REMAINS
LIGNITE – YOUNG
COAL. IT HAS LOW
CARBON CONTENT
PEAT + PRESSURE +
HEAT + TIME = COAL

15. MORE CARBON = MORE HEAT
COAL RANK
CARBON
CONTENT
ANTHRACITE
98%
BITUMINOUS
85%
LIGNITE
60%

17. Oil
Natural gas
Coal

18. Worldwide, compared to all other fossil fuels, coal is the most abundant and
widely distributed across the continents
998 billion tons
The resulting ratio of coal reserves to production is approximately 164
years (at current rates of production and no change in reserves)
Significant reserves are found in the United
States and Russia but not in the Middle East.

20. Availability
of Coal Mines
 Two types of coal
mining
 Surface mining
 There are over
1000
surface
mines in the U.S.
 Underground
mining
 There are over
1000 underground
mines in the U.S
.Requires
more
workers, but is
the
most
efficient process

21. Surface (strip) mine,
Western U.S.
Underground (shaft) mine,
Eastern U.S.

22. There are many
precautions coal miners
have. They where a
special device that
detects poisonous gases
that can harm humans.
They used canaries to
detect gases if the canary
died that meant you got
to get out of that mine.

23. Coal production has increased by more than 70% since
1970
9 out of every 10 tons of coal mined in the United States
today is used to generate electricity
56% of electricity in US is coal-generated
Use of coal is not limited to electricity generation:
Make chemicals, cement, paper, metal products
Methanol, ethylene
About 9 percent of U.S.-mined coal is exported to some 40
countries

24. The United States has a 300-year
supply of coal, if it continues to
use it at the same rate as today
Worldwide coal consumption is
supposed to increase 2% per year
from 2005 to 2030
29 percent of total world energy
consumption in 2030

25. There will likely be a significant increase in
the use of coal for electricity generation in
countries such as China and India
New technologies will continue to enhance
our ability to identify the shape and
composition of untapped coal reserves

26. WHAT ARE THE ADVANTAGES OF COAL?
- HIGHER HEATING VALUE COMPARED TO BIOMASS.
- MORE ABUNDANT THAN OIL.
VS
BETTER
VS
BETTER

27. The combustion of coal produces carbon dioxide(CO2) and nitrogen
oxides with varying amounts of sulfur dioxide (SO2) and other
pollutants
Coal-fired power plants represent the largest source of carbon dioxide
emissions, which is a major cause of global warming
Coal-fired power plants represent the largest source of carbon dioxide
emissions, which is a major cause of global warming
Sulfur dioxide reacts with oxygen to form sulfur trioxide (SO3) gas,
which in turn reacts with moisture in the air to form sulfuric acid. This
acid in the atmosphere is returned to the Earth in the form of acid rain.

28. Effects on health
Black Lung Disease
(miners)
Respiratory illnesses
(public)

29. Effects on land
Coal sludge releases
Hardpan at strip
mines
Mountaintop
removal
Huge water use
Slurry pipelines

30. Effects
on air
Greenhouse gases
3/4 sulfur dioxide
1/3 nitrogen oxides
1/2 carbon dioxide

31. www.wikipedia.com/coal use
www.googleimage.com/air pollution
www.slideshare.com/coal

32. THANK YOU