3. What is noise?
Noise is excessive, displeasing
human, animal or machine-created
environmental sound that disrupts the
activity or balance of human or animal
life.
4. The health effects of traffic
noise
· Annoyance.
· Sleep disturbance.
· Disturbed cognitive functioning
(learning and understanding).
· Cardiovascular disease.
· Adverse effects on mental health.
6. Characteristics of Vehicle
Noise
Exterior road traffic noise
Trucks are typically noisiest followed by buses and
motorcycles while cars are the quietest.
The contribution of cars to the overall traffic noise level is
great (about 80% of the road traffic).
For lower speeds, below 40-50 km/h, engine noise
including exhaust and intake noise dominates for cars.
For higher speeds, above 70 km/h, tyre-road noise
dominates the car exterior noise generation.
For heavier vehicles the engine noise is dominant under
most conditions.
Internal vehicle noise is caused by airborne and structure
borne noise from the engine and tyre-road interaction
noise.
7. air pumping and tyre vibration
Aerodynamic noise
vehicle noise and vibration
8. Noise measurement
Brad and Kjaer 2260 Sound Analyser
This device is one of
the most widely used
for analysis of traffic
noise emissions in
busy streets and
cities.
It measures the
noise in A decibels
(db A). One db A
roughly corresponds
to inverse of 40 db
(i.e. 1 kHz) ; which
equals to the
loudness curve of
human ears.
9. Efficient traffic management in cities like New Delhi
Restricting use of horns in sensitive spaces like
schools, colleges, hospitals
Reducing speed limits
Reducing vehicle speed by 10 km/hr leads to an
approximate decrease of 2-3 db of noise from it.
Efficient management of traffic lights
Prohibiting the entry of certain heavy vehicles like trucks
in certain part of streets
Proper land use planning and management
10. Construction measures
Tyre width, tyre hardness, groove depth and road
surfaces are pivotal factors affecting tyre noise.
an optimal combination of tyre and road surface is
required.
‘Porous asphalt’ has a potential to reduce the vehicle
noise by 5-6 db
Poro-elastic pavement when combined with a porous
structure with a soft aggregrate can reduce an
unbelievable noise of 10-12 db for normal tyres and 1315 db for studded tyres
STC (Sound Transmission Class) – it is an integer
rating of how well a building partition attenuates an airborne sound. The better the STC of a material, the
better sound insulation it provides.
11. Governmental measures
Strict rules and regulations have to be devised for
vehicle-spare-part producing companies (for
manufacturing of engines, tyres, etc.) to follow the
CPCB noise limits or else their certification would not be
easy.
THE NOISE POLLUTION (REGULATION AND CONTROL)
RULES, 2000
Luxury Limousine
77dB
Small passenger car
79dB
Miniature passenger car
84dB
Sports car
91dB
Motor-cycle (2 cylinder 4 stroke)
94dB
Motor scooter (1-cylinder-2-stroke) 80 dB
15. THE TOPSIS MODEL
It is based on the concept that the
chosen approach should have the
shortest distance from the Positive
Ideal Solution (PIS) and have the
farthest distance from the Negative
Ideal Solution (NIS). A fuzzy
combination of TOPSIS with some
linguistic variables pave the way to
make an appropriate decision.
16. THE RTM(Road Traffic Model)
for carrying out the generation of the noise
levels along the Indian road
Road traffic noise model rely on the
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volume of vehicles
percentage of heavy vehicle
the mean speed of vehicles
the several road conditions such as height and
width of road as well as road gradient.
17. For a better tomorrow…
The Administration and citizens must co-ordinate
with each other
optimum CPCB (Central Pollution Control Board)
limit of 60 db.
Sustainable development
by observing the present traffic conditions.
This data could be used variety of organizations for
generating the noise levels reports for serving
variety of purposes.
