1. Chapter 15 The Civil War

2. The Call to Arms President Lincoln Declared rebellion existed in South, after Fort Sumter attack Asked for 75,000 troops Many states begged to send more More States Secede Tennessee, Kentucky, & Missouri Refused to send troops Maryland & Delaware did not respond to call for troops Virginia, Arkansas, Tennessee, & North Carolina left the Union Western counties of Virginia refused to secede & were admitted into Union as state of West Virginia

3. The Border States Delaware Strong support for Union Kentucky, Missouri, & Maryland supported the South Control of Ohio river & protecting Washington was part of these states Kentucky Declared itself neutral Union did not invade Kentucky Confederates invaded in September 1861 W/ move Kentucky decided to support Union Missouri & Maryland Lincoln used force to hold states in Union Troops were sent in Missouri to break up fighting between Southern supporters & Union supporters Maryland placed under martial law when Southern supporters destroyed railroad & telegraph lines

4. North Against South Southern Advantages: Outnumbered, but had military advantages Northern armies would have to invade & conquer South Would be fighting on their own territory Had most experienced military officers Albert Johnston, Joseph Johnston, & Robert E. Lee Northern Advantages: Had more factories for producing supplies Twice as much railroad track & farmland Population advantage Able to field, feed, & equip larger armies

5. The Two Sides Plan Strategies North: Win a quick victory Naval blockade on Southern seaports Block supply of manufactured goods & overseas sales of cotton Gain control of Mississippi River South: Did not need to invade the North Defend their land until Northerners got tired of fighting Sought aid from Britain & other European nations British need for cotton would force support towards South

6. Americans Against Americans Civil War War between Americans Families spilt apart: brothers against brothers, father against son Mary Lincoln 4 brothers who fought for Confederacy Soldiers came from many backgrounds Farmers, immigrants, etc. Most of men between 18-45 years old, some as young as 14

7. First Battle of Bull Run Union Led by General Irvin McDowell 30,000 men (not very well prepared for battle) Confederates Led by General Thomas Jackson 30,000 men Hundreds of people came from Washington to watch the battle Armies clashed along Bull Run River Northern armies pushed forward at first Southern army rallied & poorly trained Union army began to panic & fled back to Washington

8. A Soldier’s Life ¾ of time spent in camp, not fighting Trained for 10 hours per day Rest of time they stood guard, wrote home, & gathered firewood Harsh Conditions Camp conditions were miserable Lack of clean water Diseases swept through camps Prisoners of War Prison camps were built by both sides were overcrowded & became deathtraps 10% of those who died during the war, died in prison camps