1. “Layout study of
220kv/132kv/33kv Substation
at Chillakallu”.

2. Project members
 J.VAMSI KRISHNA 09AJ1A0230
 G.SHAILESH KUMAR 09AJ1A0221
 K.J.SUMANTH 09AJ1A0238
 K.TRINADH VINAY 09AJ1A0242
 A.RAVI 09AJ1A0202

3. Under the guidance of
 External guide: M. Venkateswarlu (A.D.E)
 Internal guide :P.Bapaiah. M.Tech
(Asst.prof.)

4. CONTENTS
 LAYOUT OF CHILLAKALLU
 SWITCHGEAR & PROTECTION
EQUIPMENT
 BUS BARS
 TRANSFORMERS
 EARTHING
 PLCC

5. P.PROL CHILLAKALLU HCL(JPT) COROMANDA TOGARAI KODAD
SINGLE LINE DIAGRAM OF 220/132/33KV SUB-STATION, U L
7.2 MVAR
CHILLAKALLU HARINI
5 MVAR 5MVAR
NANDIGAMA KAKATIYA HCL C.BANK C.BANK
TEXTILE SAIL AGRO
220K C.BANK
220KV S
V
BUS PT -I BUS -
I
220KV
BUS
COUPLE 220KV
LA WT R BUS
CV CB
CT -II
T
33KV
220KV KONDAPALLI -I 250KVA 100KVA
BUS
STATION 33KV BUS 33KV STATIO
TR - II PT I BUS N
PT II TR I
132KV
220KV KONAPALLI - NANDIGAM 132KV
II 220/132K 220/132KV 132/33KV 132/33KV MCL
A
V 20/132KV 100MVA 31.5MVA 31.5 MVA
100MVA 100MVA PTR 2 PTR I PTR II
PTR-3 PTR-I (TELK) (APEX) (BB)
(VIJAI) (BHEL)
220KV VTS-1
132KV
BUS
PT- 1
132KV L
BUS A
220KV VTS-2
CB
220KV CT 132KV
NARKETPALLI-1 BUS
PT- 2
220KV CVT
BUS PT -
II
220KV NARKETPALLI-2 LA
132KV 132KV 132KV VEPALA
132KV SCR - I KUSUMANCHI
MADHIRA 132KV SINGARAM
132KV 132KV 132KV
SCR - KHAMMAM KODAD SEETAPURAM
II

6. SWICTHGEAR & PROTECTION
EQUIPMENT
 INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMERS
 CIRCUIT BREAKERS
 PROTECTIVE RELAYS
 LIGHTENING ARRESTERS
 ISOLATORS

7. INSTRUMENT TRASFORMERS
 These are used to protect apparatus from
high voltages and permit use of reasonable
insulation level and carrying current capacity
in relays and meters.
 General rating is 5amps and 1amp and
110volts 50 cycles on secondary side.

8. These are two types
 Current transformers (CT)
 Potential transformers (PT)

9. Current transformers
 The CT’s are used to step down the current of
a circuit to a lower value.
 The CT steps down the incoming 800amps to
1 amp.
 These are connected in series to the
equipment in the layout.

11. Potential transformers
 The PT’S are used to step down the voltage
of a circuit to a low value that can be
effectively and safely used for operation of
instruments.
 The main two functions of the PT
are
 Measurement
 Protection
 These are connected in parallel to the
system.

13. Circuit breakers
 These are used to operate on the fault either
on line or transformer, depending upon
where it is connected.
 This isolates the faulty line or equipments
from the live portion of the substation by
opening automatically through protective
relays; control cables etc. in a definite time.

14. Types of circuit breakers
 Based on the medium used
 A) Air Blast Circuit Breaker
 B) SF6 Circuit Breaker
 C) Vacuum Circuit Breaker
 D) Minimum Oil Circuit Breaker

15. Air Blast Circuit Breaker

16. SF6 CIRCUIT BREAKERS

17. SF6 CIRCUIT BREAKERS

18. VACCUM CIRCUIT BREAKERS

19. MINIMUM OIL CIRCUIT
BREAKERS

20. RELAYS
 A relay is a device that detects the fault &
initiates the operation of the circuit breaker
to isolate the defective element from the rest
of the system
 It detects the abnormal conditions by
constantly measuring the electrical
quantities(voltage ,current , frequency &
phase angle)which are different under
normal &fault conditions.

21. Classification of relays
 A) Based on construction and
principle of operation
 Electromagnetic relays
 Electromagnetic induction simply induction
relays
 Electro thermal relays
 Physio-electric relays
 Static relays / Numerical relays.
 Electro dynamic relays

22. B) Based on time of operation
 Instantaneous relays
 Definite time-lag relays
 Inverse time-lag relays
 Inverse -Definite minimum time lag
relays

23. 220/132KV Relay panel

24. Lightning arresters
 Lightning arresters are protective devices for
limiting surge voltages due to lightning
strikes or equipment faults or other events,
to prevent damage to equipment and
disruption of service. Also called surge
arresters.

25. Lightning arresters

26. Isolators
 Isolaters are used in addition to circuit breakers
 These are provided on each side of ckt breaker to
provide isolation and enable maintenance.
 While openining the circuit, the ckt breaker opens
first and isolator & while closing the ckt the isolator
closed first and then ckt breaker.
Types of isolators
1.Single break isolators
2.Double break isolators

28. Insulator
 The insulator provide necessary insulation
between line and conductor.
 It acts as support to conductors.
Types of insulators
 a. pin type
 b. suspension type
 c. stray type
 d. shackle type
 e. stay insulator

29. PIN TYPE & STRAIN TYPE

30. The causes for failure of insulators
are 
Cracking of insulators
 Defective insulator material
 Porosity of the material
 Improper glaze
 Flash over
 Mechanical stress
 Short circuit

31. Bus bars
 Bus bars are nothing but the solid or
tabular aluminum conductors Supported
on post insulators bus bar are in the
generating station and substation form
Important link between the incoming and
outgoing circulates.

33. Transformers
 Transformer is static ac machine which
transfers the electric power energy from
one electrical circuit to another electrical
circuit with same frequency .
 It works on mutual induction (electro-
magnetic induction) principle.

34. Ratings of transformer in
220kv/132kv/33kv
 100MVA 3no’s
 31.5MVA 3no’s
 250KVA 2no’s

37. Protection schemes of transformers
1. Differential protection of transformer
2. Over current protection of transformer
3. Earth fault protection of transformer
4. Over-fluxing protection

38. Earthing
Connecting of an electrical equipment or
apparatus to earth with the help of a
connecting wire of negligible resistance is
known as earthing or grounding.
Need For Earthing
To provide low impedance path to the earth
for currents occurring under normal &
abnormal conditions.

39. Earthing materials
Conductors
Connections
Earthing Roads
switchyard
Fence Earthing

40. PLCC
 The communication and the data
transmission from one substation to
another substation is carried out by
means of power line carrier
communication PLCC system.
 PLCC utilizes high frequency data is
transmitted through to power line
conductors

41. It consists of
1. line trap unit
2. Coupling capacitor
3. Tuning unit
4. Transmitter , receiver & other
electronic equipment
Applications
Voice communication
Tele Protection
Tele metering

42. Protection for transmitting signal
 Wave trap or line trap
 Coupling filter or capacitor voltage
Transformer (CVT)
 Line matching unit
 Balancing transformer
 Lightning arrester
 Earth switch

43. Wave Trap
 Wave trap is an inductive device, which
offers high impedance to high frequency
signals.
 Hence it will not allow communication
signals towards substation equipment.
 Wave trap offers negligible impedance to
power frequencies hence power flow will
be unaffected

45. CVT
 Capacitor voltage transformer in a
substation will be used for protection as
well as coupling device in PLCC.
 CVT offers high impedance to power
frequencies. Hence EHV, power cannot
enter communication equipment, by the
action of low pass filter arrangement.

47. Conclusion
 Enabled to know typical substation
arrangements.
 Enabled to know different makers of
equipment.
 Created an interest to go in to the
designing field after our graduation.

48. THANK
YOU

49. QUERIES ????????