mental health and mental illness

1. MENTAL HEALTH
BY
MUHAMMAD SULIMAN
LECTURER
ROYAL COLLEGE OF NURSING

2. WHO HEALTH DEFINITION
Health is a state of complete state
Physical
Mental
social well-being
 and not merely the absence of disease
or infirmity.
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3. What Is Mental Health?
Mental health includes emotional,
psychological, and social well-being.
It affects how we think, feel, and act.
It also helps determine how we handle stress,
relate to others, and make choices.
Mental health is important at every stage of
life, from childhood and adolescence through
adulthood.
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4. Historical Overview of Psychiatric Care
Primitive beliefs regarding mental disturbances took several views.
Some thought that an individual with mental illness had been
dispossessed of his or her soul and that the only way wellness could be
achieved was if the soul returned.
Others believed that evil spirits or supernatural or magical powers had
entered the body.
The “cure” for these individuals involved a ritualistic exorcism to
purge the body of these unwanted forces.
This often consisted of brutal beatings, starvation, or other torturous
means.
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5. Definition
• The American Psychiatric Association (APA 1980) defines mental
health as
 “ Simultaneous success at working, loving and creating with the capacity of
mature & flexible resolution of conflicts between instincts, conscience,
important other people & reality.”
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6. Mental Health and Wellness
Positive mental health allows people to:
Realize their full potential
Cope with the stresses of life
Work productively.
Make meaningful contributions to their communities.
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7. Maslow’s hierarchy of needs.
Maslow (1970) emphasized an individual’s motivation in the
continuous quest for self-actualization.
He identified a “hierarchy of needs,” the lower ones requiring
fulfillment before those at higher levels can be achieved, with self-
actualization being fulfillment of one’s highest potential.
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8. Maslow’s hierarchy of needs.
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9. MENTAL ILNESS
• The American Psychiatric Association (APA, 2013), in its Diagnostic
and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5),
defines mental disorder as:
A syndrome characterized by clinically significant disturbance in an
individual’s cognitions, emotion regulation, or behavior that reflects a
dysfunction in the psychological, biological, or developmental processes
underlying mental functioning.
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10. Factors contribute to mental health
problems
Many factors contribute to mental health problems,
including:
Biological factors, such as genes or brain chemistry
Life experiences, such as trauma or abuse
Family history of mental health problems
Mental health problems are common but help is
available
People with mental health problems can get better and
many recover completely.
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11. Early Warning Signs
Eating or sleeping too much or too little
Pulling away from people and usual activities
Having low or no energy
Feeling numb or like nothing matters
Having unexplained aches and pains
Feeling helpless or hopeless
Smoking, drinking, or using drugs more than usual
Feeling unusually confused, forgetful, angry, upset, worried, or scared.
Yelling or fighting with family and friends
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12. Early Warning Signs
Experiencing severe mood swings that cause problems in relationships
Having persistent thoughts and memories you can't get out of your head
Hearing voices or believing things that are not true
Thinking of harming yourself or others
Inability to perform daily tasks like taking care of your kids or getting to
work or school
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13. Ways to maintain positive mental health
include:
Getting professional help if you need it.
Connecting with others.
Staying positive.
Getting physically active.
Helping others.
Getting enough sleep.
Developing coping skills.
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14. References
https://www.who.int/
Psychiatric mental health nursing 8th edition/concept of care in
evidence base practice/by Mary C Townsend
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