presentacion de presente simple, presente perfecto, past continuos

1. SCHOOL OF AGRICULTURE OF
NOR-ORIENTE
EANOR ZACAPA
INGLESH
PRACTICE ENGLISH 5
ENGINEER OSCAR GARCIA
Chávez Perdomo Sandra Suleydi
5to Perito Agronomo
Grupo #2
PLAINS FORGE , ZACAPA MARCH 6, 2015

2. We use the PRESENT SIMPLE to talk about TIMETABLES, such as school schedules, TV programmes, train
timetables...So, in this activity you have to use the PRESENT SIMPLE with future meaning:
a) What time (the train to Oxford/leave)?
b) The film at quarter to nine. (start)
c) We art at 11:00
d) When (the documentary/finish)?
e) The documentary at half past nine.
f) What time (we/have/the geography test)?
2. We use the PRESENT CONTINUOUS to talk about FUTURE ARRANGEMENTS. In this activity, you have to use
the PRESENT CONTINUOUS to talk about the future (use short forms for the verbs):
a) What (do) tomorrow afternoon? I (visit) my aunt.
b) We (not/go) to the shopping centre on Saturday, we (play) tennis instead.
c) Where (Jane/go) on Saturday evening? She (not/go) anywhere. She (study) for an exam.
d) What (do) this afternoon? They (take) their driving test.
e) How (travel) to England next week? He (travel) by plane, of course!
f) What (cook) for our birthday tomorrow? She (cook) a delicious chocolate and cream cake.

3. The present simple can have a future meaning when we talk about
timetables (for buses, trains or planes) or schedules (for concerts, films or
theatre).• "What time does Simon's plane get in?"
• — "His plane gets in at five."
• "And what time does the film start?"
• — "It starts at seven, so he should get there in time."
The present simple has a future meaning when we use it to talk about fixed
plans.
• "When do you start work?"
• — "I usually start at nine, but on Thursday I start at ten."
Now try the exercise on the next page.
Dagmar Taylor

4. FUTURE: BE ABOAT TO´ + INFINITIVE
Be about + to-infinitive refers to arranged actions that happen in the immediate future. It is
often used with just:
Hurry up! The ceremony is about to begin!
"Do you have a minute?" "I'm sorry, I'm just about to leave."

5. Be to + infinitive is used to talk about formal or official arrangements, formal instructions, and to give
orders. It is particularly common in news reports to talk about future events.
Children are not to be left unsupervised in the museum.
You are not to leave the school without my permission.
The medicine is to be taken after meals.
The European Parliament is to introduce a new law on safety at work.
We only use be to + infinitive to talk about things that can be controlled by people:
• We don’t know where the meteorite is going to land, (not …the meteorite is to land.)
• I suppose we will all die eventually, (not …we are all to die…)
B- We often use be to + infinitive in if-clauses to say that something must take place first (in the main
clause) before something else can take place (in the if-clause):
• If humans are to survive as a species, we must address environmental issues now.
• The law needs to be revised if justice is to be done, (passive form)
Compare the use of be to + infinitive and the present simple for the future in if-clauses:
• Jones needs to improve his technique if he is to win gold at the next Olympics, and
• Jones has said that he will retire from athletics if he wins gold at the next Olympics.

6. We use be to + infinitive when discussing formal or official arrangements or to give formal instructions or orders and your
examples illustrate these aspects very well. Further examples might be:
The Prime Minister is to make a further visit to Devon next week.
We are to receive a pay rise in line with inflation in September.
I don't mind her going to Ruth's party but she's not to be back late.
You are not to leave this house without my permission. Is that clear?
The be to + infinitive structure is also frequently used in newspaper, radio and television reports to refer to future events. It
expresses near certainty that what is forecast will happen. Study the following:
A man is to appear in court later this morning charged with the murder of the footballer, Darren Gough.
The Ministry of Trade and Industry has announced that it is to move three thousand jobs out of the capital and re-locate
them in the North East.
Work is to begin this week on the new bridge across the Nile north of Aswan.

7. VERBS + INFINITIVE
Do you know the difference between an infinitive verb and a base verb? Or, do you know when and how do you use infinitive verbs? These
questions, and their answers are the key to understanding the uses of an infinitive verb.
Defining an Infinitive Verb
Basically, an infinitive verb is a verb with the word “to” in front of it.
to be
to have
to hold
to sleep
to dream
When you use an infinitive verb, the “to” is a part of the verb. It is not acting as a preposition in this case. And the verb is always just the verb.
It’s not conjugated in anyway – no -ed, no -ing, no -s on the end. Sometimes you’ll see sentences like this:
She went from kissing him to slapping him in no time.
You see “to slapping,” and it’s easy to think that’s an infinitive verb, but it isn’t. It’s a preposition (to) and a gerund (slapping). You can tell it’s
not an infinitive because of the -ing on the end of the verb. Infinitives never have an -ing ending.

8. Using an Infinitive Verb
There are several possible ways to use infinitive verbs. You can use them:
1.as the subject of a sentence – To err is human; to forgive, divine.
2.like an adjective or adverb phrase that expresses purpose or intent – My
instructions are to press this button every hour.
3.following a direct object – He told me to give this to you.
4.following certain other verbs:
•afford – We can’t afford to eat out every night.
•agree – Let’s agree to disagree.
•aim – I aim to please.
•appear – She appears to have the chicken pox.
•arrange – I’ll arrange to meet you at 3:00.
•attempt – We attempted to contact him several times.
•determined – They are determined to finish the race.
•beg – She begged to stay up past her bed time.
•care – Would you care to dance?
•choose – He’ll always choose to eat pizza if given the choice.

9. PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE + JUST/FOR/SINCES
These words are often used with the present perfect tense although yet, still and
already can all be used with other tenses.
Just
‘Just’ is usually used only with the present perfect tense and it means ‘a short time
ago’.
•I’ve just seen Susan coming out of the cinema.
•Mike’s just called. Can you ring him back please?
•Have you just taken my pen? Where has it gone?
FORM
[has/have + past participle]
Examples:
You have seen that movie many times.
Have you seen that movie many times?
You have not seen that movie many times.
Complete List of Present Perfect Forms
USE 1 Unspecified Time Before Now

10. We use Present Perfect tense to talk about action which started in the past and continues
up to the present.
Examples
I have had this computer for about a year.
How long have you been at this school?
I haven't seen Julia since September.
Tip! For other uses of the Present Perfect tense, see the Present Perfect Tense - When To
Use.
We use for with a period of time, for example: a few days, half an hour, two years. We use
since with the time when the action started, for example: last year, June 8, I met you.

11. REPORTED SPECH
Type Example
direct speech “I speak English.”
reported speech
(no backshift)
He says that he speaks English.
reported speech
(backshift)
He said that he spoke English.
If we report what another person has said, we usually do not use the speaker’s exact words (direct speech), but reported (indirect) speech.
Therefore, you need to learn how to transform direct speech into reported speech. The structure is a little different depending on whether you want to
transform a statement, question or request.
Statements
When transforming statements, check whether you have to change:
•pronouns
•present tense verbs (3rd person singular)
•place and time expressions
•tenses (backshift)

12. PAST TENSE OF´ THERE IS/THERE ARE
English uses verbs in the simple past tense to refer to actions
situations, or events that are finished and that happened before
now. There are three ways to form simple past tense in English.
These three different ways depend on the verb:
the verb be
(special forms)
regular verbs
(add - d, - ed, or change y to i and add - ed)
regular verbs
(special forms)
The past tense is a grammatical tense whose principal function is to place
an action or situation in past time. In languages which have a past tense, it
thus provides a grammatical means of indicating that the event being
referred to took place in the past. Examples of verbs in the past tense
include the English verbs sang, went and was.

13. PAST CONTINUOS
FORM
[was/were + present participle]
Examples:
You were studying when she called.
Were you studying when she called?
You were not studying when she called.
Complete List of Past Continuous Forms
USE 1 Interrupted Action in the Past
Use the Past Continuous to indicate that a longer action in the past was
interrupted. The interruption is usually a shorter action in the Simple Past.
Remember this can be a real interruption or just an interruption in time.
Examples:
•I was watching TV when she called.
•When the phone rang, she was writing a letter.
•While we were having the picnic, it started to rain.

14. INTRODUCCTION TO THE PASSIVE VOICE
Although the passive voice is less common than the active voice, there are several good
reasons to sometimes use the passive. On this page we look at how to construct the passive
voice and when and why to use it. (For a basic explanation of the difference between active and
passive, please see voice.)
subject +
auxiliar
y verb
be
+
main
verb
past
partici
ple
+ by + agent
optional
The basic structure of a passive clause is very simple:

15. he auxiliary be is conjugated in all tenses. The main verb is always the past participle. The agent
is the original "doer" of the action.
Look at some examples:
ubject
auxiliary verb
be
main verb
past
participle
by
I am employed by Apple.
You will be woken at 6.
It will have been finished by then.
We have been notified by Head Office.
You are being transferred next week.
They will be paid.

16. PRESENT SIMPLE PASSIVE
Affirmative Form
Object + am / is / are +
verb3 (past participle)
Question Form
Am / Is / Are + Object +
verb3 (past participle) ?

17. BIOGRAPHY
http://www.ego4u.com/en/cram-up/grammar/passive
www.grammarbank.com/simple-present-passive
http://www.englishpage.com
http://www.ego4u.com
http://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice