1. M R OFHIG RA SPE LE T OFUZBE A
INIST Y HE ND CIA DUCAION KIST N
NAIONA UNIV R YOFUZBE A
T L E SIT KIST N
NA EM ZOUL BE
M IR UG K
F CUL YOFCHE IST Y
A T M R
GREAT BRITAIN
PERFORMED: NURITDINOVA RA’NO
Tashkent 2012
2.
3. State symbols of Great Britain
State flag of Great Britain State emblem of Great Britain
4. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern
Ireland uses as its national flag the royal banner
known as the Union Flag or, popularly, Union Jack.
Although, strictly speaking, the Union flag is only
known as a 'Jack' when flown from a boat. The
current design of the Union Flag dates from the union
of Ireland and Great Britain in 1801. It consists of the
red cross of Saint George (patron saint of England),
edged in white, superimposed on the Cross of St
Patrick (patron saint of Ireland), which are
superimposed on the Saltire of Saint Andrew (patron
saint of Scotland). Wales, however, is not represented
in the Union Flag by Wales' patron saint, Saint
David, as at the time the flag was designed Wales was
part of the Kingdom of England.
Its correct proportions are 1:2. However, the version
officially used by the British Army modifies the
proportions to 3:5, and additionally two of the red
diagonals are cropped.
5. The Royal coat of arms of the United Kingdom is the official
coat of arms of the British monarch, currently
Queen Elizabeth II. These arms are used by the Queen in her
official capacity as monarch of the United Kingdom, and are
officially known as her Arms of Dominion. Variants of the Royal
Arms are used by other members of the Royal Family; and by the
British government in connection with the administration and
government of the country. In Scotland, the Queen has a separate
version of the Royal Arms, a variant of which is used by the
Scotland Office.
The shield is quartered, depicting in the first and fourth quarters
the three passant guardant lions of England; in the second, the
rampant lion and double tressure flory-counterflory of Scotland;
and in the third, a harp for Northern Ireland. The crest is a
statant guardant lion wearing the imperial crown, himself on
another representation of that crown. The dexter supporter is a
likewise crowned English lion; the sinister, a Scottish unicorn.
According to legend a free unicorn was considered a very
dangerous beast; therefore the heraldic unicorn is chained,[1] as
were both supporting unicorns in the
Royal coat of arms of Scotland. The coat features both the motto
of English monarchs, Dieu et mon droit (God and my right), and
the motto of the Order of the Garter, Honi soit qui mal y pense
(Shamed be he who thinks ill of it) on a representation of the
Garter behind the shield.
The official blazon of the Royal Arms is:
6. The Island of Great Britain
The Island of Great
Britain is divided into three
parts — England, Wales and
Scotland. England and
Wales form the southern
part of the island and
Scotland occupies its
northern part.
From the West British
Isles are washed by the
Atlantic Ocean, from the
east by the North Sea and
the southern coast is washed
by the English Channel. The
Irish Sea lies between
England and Ireland.
7. The surface of Eastern England is
flat. Scotland and Wales are hilly and
mountainous. The mountains are not
very high as compared with those of
the world, the loftiest one — Ben
Nevis (Scotland) being only 4400 feet
(1343 m) in height.
There are many rivers in Britain
which connected with each other by
means of canals. The principal rivers
are the Severn, the Thames and the
Trent.
8. Government
The United Kingdom is a parliamentary monarchy—that is, the
head of state is a monarch with limited powers. Britain’s
democratic government is based on a constitution composed of
various historical documents, laws, and formal customs adopted
over the years. Parliament, the legislature, consists of the House
of Lords, the House of Commons, and the monarch, also called
the Crown. The House of Commons is far more influential than
the House of Lords, which in effect makes the British system
unicameral, meaning the legislature has one chamber. The chief
executive is the prime minister, who is a member of the House of
Commons. The executive branch also includes Her Majesty’s
Government, commonly referred to simply as “the government.”
The government is composed of ministers in the Cabinet, most of
whom are members of the House of Commons; government
departments, each of which is responsible to a minister; local
authorities; and public corporations. Because the House of
Commons is involved in both the legislative and executive
branches of the British government, there is no separation of
powers between executive and legislature as there is in the United
States.
9.
10. The Constitution
The British constitution comprises multiple documents. The written part
consists of the Magna Carta, written in 1215; the Petition of Right,
passed by Parliament in 1628; and the Bill of Rights of 1689. It also
includes the entire body of laws enacted by Parliament, precedents
established by decisions made in British courts of law, and various
traditions and customs. The democratically elected House of Commons
can alter these laws with a majority vote. The constitution continually
evolves as new laws are passed and judicial decisions are handed down.
All laws passed by Parliament are regarded as constitutional, and
changes or amendments to the constitution occur whenever new
legislation overrides existing law. Although the Crown gives its royal
assent to legislation, this is a mere formality.
