1.
Any Advantage?

2.
Genetic advantage <ul><li>“ There is a clear confusion between the androgenisation caused by steroids and conditions which might cause a woman to fail a sex test&quot; (Heggie 163) </li></ul>

3.
Genetic Advantage <ul><li>As we saw in Table 1, </li></ul><ul><li>Women with a male genotype do not respond better to testosterone, they do not possess a clear advantage over other women. In fact, some of these women would not even respond to steroids because their body does not have the androgen receptors. Thus, an athlete would have a more unfair advantage using steroids as opposed to having a genotypic disorder. </li></ul>

4.
Advantage to a man impersonating a woman <ul><li>&quot; There are quite substantial differences between the average female and the average male in almost all aspects of physical and shysiological performance beyond the age of 10-12 years, compairisons between highly-trained female and male athletes reveal more similarities than differences&quot; (Ferris 684) </li></ul>

5.
Advantage to a man impersonating a woman <ul><li>&quot;Female finalists come closer and closer to the male's&quot; (Bodenstedt 53) </li></ul>

6.
Advantage to a man impersonating a woman <ul><li>&quot;Women having on average 18% or 10 kg less weight as compared to makes... makes sense as an approximate value or norm for the total population... In the realm of sport these statements do not lead to any useful message&quot; (Bodenstedt 56) </li></ul>

7.
Therefore <ul><li>There is no advantage having a genetic disorder. </li></ul><ul><li>There is equally no advantage to a man impersonating a woman </li></ul><ul><ul><li>Highly trained athletes are becoming increasingly similar, including in their final results, So the fears of the IOC of men impersonating women may be fruitless if men have little advantage impersonating women, anyways. </li></ul></ul>