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Semelhante a Cambodia Overview: History, Economy, Health and Education
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Cambodia Overview: History, Economy, Health and Education
- 1. CAMBODIA Kristen Figueroa, Nineveh Michel, Kevin Trieu, Sheridan Taormina
- 3. Demographics Population: 14,952,665 Ethnic Groups: Khmer 90% Vietnamese 5% Chinese 1% Other 4% Religious Groups: Buddhist 96.4% (Official) Muslim 2.1% Other 1.3% (World Fact Book, 2012)
- 4. History 1887 – Cambodia becomes part of French Indochina 1953 – Cambodia gains full independence from France 1975 – Communist Khmer Rouge forces capture Cambodian capital Phnom Penh and evacuate all cities and towns Pol Pot – Cambodian Communist Revolutionary, led Khmer Rouge forces At least 1.5 million die from execution, forced hardships, and starvation Killing fields – estimate 1,386,734 victims
- 5. History 1978 – Vietnamese invasion drives out Khmer Rouge regimes 10 years of Vietnamese occupation 13 years of Civil War 1991 – Peace Accords mandate democratic elections and ceasefire on 13 years of civil unrest 1993 – UN-sponsored elections form a coalition government 1997 – Fractional fighting ends 1st coalition government 1998 – Round two of elections, 2nd coalition government implemented 1999 – Remaining elements of Khmer Rouge surrendered 2004 - King Norodom Sihanouk abdicated the throne to his son, Prince NorodomSihamoni
- 6. Economy Currency: Riel Remains one of the poorest countries in Asia Approximately 4 million people live on less than $1.25 per day 37% of children under 5 suffer from chronic malnutrition 31% below poverty line More than 50% of the government budget comes from donor assistance (World Bank, IMF) Main Industries: Agriculture Employs 57.6% of population Tourism Garments Accounts for more than 75% of Cambodia’s total exports (World Fact Book, 2012)
- 7. Agriculture
- 8. Food
- 9. Education Result of Khmer Rouge (1975-1979) Post-Vietnam occupation Problems and challenges Illiteracy
- 10. Health Related Statistics Birth Rate: 25.17 births/1,000 population Death Rate: 7.97 deaths/1,000 population Life Expectancy at Birth: 63.04 years (World Fact Book, 2012)
- 11. Health Challenges Maternal & Child Healthcare Infant Mortality Rate: 120 deaths/1,000 live births Maternal Mortality Rate: 250 deaths/100,000 live births Mortality Rate for Children 1-5: 200 deaths/1,000 births Most important health problems: malaria, tuberculosis, diarrheal diseases, HIV/AIDS Mainly curative medicine Sanitation Issues Lack of funding Health Expenditures: 5.8% of GDP
- 12. Availability of Resources Limited Hospitals (9 in total, all located close to the capital) Physician Density: 0.227 physicians/1,000 population Hospital Bed Density: 0.1 beds/1,000 population Lack of medical supplies & equipment Water supply
- 13. Health Care Delivery System Private Sector Public-Private Doctors Pharmacists and Drug Sellers 70% of people seek it in the first instance Public Sector Health Centers: 18.5% in rural areas Referral Hospitals: 12% in urban areas Oriented towards treating acute illness and disease Referrals and linkages through the provider network First point of entry into the health system is the health center Refers to district hospitals and then provincial hospitals as needed Ministry of Health (MOH) Improve and extend primary health services through operational districts system Allocate financial and human resources Health Sector Strategic Plan
- 14. Resources Health Care Delivery Profile, Cambodia, 2012 http://www.wpro.who.int/health_services/service_delivery_profile_cambodia.pdf Oxford Jounals, Health Policy and Planning, Cambodia http://heapol.oxfordjournals.org/content/26/suppl_1/i30.full Ministry of Health, Cambodia Health Information System Analysis http://www.moh.gov.kh/files/dphi/chisra.pdf Cultural Survival, Health Care in Cambodia http://www.culturalsurvival.org/publications/cultural-survival- quarterly/cambodia/health-care-cambodia NGO Education Profile, Cambodia http://nepcambodia.org/index.php/en/footereducation CIA, World Fact Book Cambodia, 2012 https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/cb.html Education Facts and Figures, Cambodia http://www.savong.com/SAVONGSCHOOL/EducationFactsandFiguresCambodia/tabid/114/De fault.aspx
Notas do Editor
- 1887 – Cambodians are descendants of the Angkor empire that extended over Southeast Asia from the 10th to 13th century. Attacks by Thai and Cham (modern-day Vietnam) led the Angkor King to place Cambodia under French protection and eventually becoming part of Indochina1953 – Following Japanese occupation in WWII, Cambodia gained full independence from France1975 – after a 5 year struggle, communist Khmer Rouge forces capture the capital. Killing fields – a number of sites in Cambodia where large numbers of people were killed and buried by the Khmer Rouge regime1978 -
- 1991 – Peace Accords were not fully respected by Khmer Rouge1993 – elections help restore some semblance and normalcy1998 – semi-political stability restoredIn 2008 the Cambodian’s People Party secured 60% of the vote, making Hun Sen the Prime Minister
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