1. TECHNICAL SERVICES
INFORMATION BUREAU

2. Exterior Plaster Wall and Ceilings,
Fire-Resistive & Drywall Assemblies:
Presented by the
Technical Services Information
Bureau . . .
Darin Coats
Bryan Stanley
M ichael M . Logue

4. WESTERN WALL & CEILING CONTRACTORS ASSOCIATION
TECHNICAL SERVICES INFORMATION BUREAU

5. •Administrative Functions
•Multi Employer Bargaining Agent
•Trustee of Pension, Health & Welfare
•Apprenticeship Programs
•Member Benefits
•Union Contract Administrator
•Technical Services
•Trade Promotion
•Trade Education
•Industry Standards
•Field Inspections and Reports
•Code Development
•Technical Committees and Councils
•Detailing – Spec Review
•Preconstruction – Mock Ups

6. Who we are … a little
history
 WWCCA / TSIB can
be traced back to
1929, when we were
called the
Contracting
Plasterers’
Association
Southern California
CPASC.

7. 1929 – 1988 …
The original state association board members

8. Materials suppliers and manufacturers have long
been an integral part of the Association

9. Back then plaster was applied over
strips of wood called “wood lath”

10. Advancements in manufacturing
brought new materials for lathing
Early metal lath
provided better
keying for the plaster
scratch coat

11. As the industry grew, so to did the need for
technical services. Walt Pruter started the
Plastering Information Bureau in 1952
Walt Pruter Clyde Bell Jim Rose Harold
McKeller
Walt Pruter, was a WWII carrier pilot, an architect from the
Illinois Institute of Technology, and an architectural representative
from United States Gypsum prior to his career with the Bureau

12. Twelve years later Walt turned over the
Plastering Information Bureau to J.R. “Dick”
Gorman
Dick Gorman, was an Army
Captain and an Architect from
Rice University before he came to
us from Kaiser Gypsum

13. Dick was instrumental in the development of the Data
Guide and Reference Spec’s, and the original stucco
textures and finishes brochure …

14. In the 50’s, southern California began a housing boom and
ushered in the era of the tract home. Stucco (exterior) and
Gypsum Plaster (interior) were used extensively.

15. The advent of the tract home in the 50’s put
many Southern California plastering
contractors on the map.
Past Presidents
Geo. M. Raymond C. B. Scott

16. Commercial and Residential markets continued to
grow into the 1960’s and plaster was there to meet
the growing demands of designers

17. As the complexity of structures increased, so to did the need for a
reliable, accurate source of information. In 1977, Walt Pruter, Clay
Johnson and Sam Jaffe published the Plaster/Metal Framing
Systems/Lath Manual.
First Edition Second Edition

18. In 1987, Dick Gorman, Walt Pruter, Jim Rose and Sam Jaffe
published the 3rd edition of the manual, which now contained
drywall technical information, and called it the Drywall and
Plaster Systems Manual – AKA “The Manual”

19. TSIB Staff and Consultants
 1952 - 2008 Walt Pruter
 1964 J.R. “Dick” Gorman – Senior Consultant, field
inspections from LA – to San Luis Obispo
 2000 Michael Logue – Director - Oversees all Technical
Services.
ASTM/ICC/ACI/AIA/AWCI/FCA/DWFC/WCWCI
 2002 Darin Coats – Technical Advisor – Specializes in
Drywall and Drywall Finishing, and Ceramic Tile Bases
DWFC/CTIOA/WCWCI
 2005 Bryan Stanley – Technical Advisor – Specializes in
Acrylic and EIFS – Runs the San Diego membership
meetings – CSI/AIA/WCWCI

20. TSIB – What we do
 Trade Promotion
 Trade Education – AIA Accredited Continuing
Education
 Research and Development of Industry
Standards
 Third Party Field Inspections and Reports
 Code Development
 Technical Committees and Councils
 Architectural Consulting - Details and
Specifications
 Preconstruction and Mock-up meetings
 Contractor – Architect – Inspector Liaison

21. Trade Promotion
2002 Construction Specifications
Institute Annual Trade Show –
Las Vegas, NV

22. Education

23. Research and Development of
Industry Standards
 Application of lath
 Lath trims and screeds
 Suspended ceilings
 Plaster mixes
 Weather-Resistive Barriers
 Plaster Over Masonry – Direct Applied
 Metal Stud Framing
 Gypsum Sheathing
 Fire Rated Assemblies
 Drywall Finishing

24. Third Party Field Inspections
100_2754.mov

25. Code Development
 California Building Standards Commission
 International Code Council
 ASTM
 ANSI

26. Technical Committees and
Councils
 ASTM C -11
 American Concrete Institute –
 Steel Stud Manufacturers Association
 AWCI Technical Committees
 Portland Cement Association
 Drywall Finishing Council
 Western Conference of Wall & Ceiling Institutes
 Ceramic Tile Institute of America

27. Plans and Specifications Reviewing
 Cedars Sinai – North Care Tower
 White Memorial
 Arcadia Methodist Tower
 Hoag – Newport Beach, CA
 Twin Cities – Templeton, CA
 Santa Barbara Hospital
 Kaiser Sand Canyon
 Kaiser Panorama City
 Orange County Performing Arts Center
 Pierce College

28. PORTLAND CEMENT PLASTER

29. Plaster is an ancient material,
durable, inexpensive and
versatile material...

30. HISTORIC PLASTER OVER MASONRY –OLD MILL - SAN MARINO, CA

31. HISTORIC PLASTER OVER MASONRY –OLD MILL - SAN MARINO, CA

32. SIMULATION OF AFRICAN NATIVE MUD PLASTERING – SAN DIEGO WILD ANIMAL PARK

33. SIMULATED STONE CASTLE – MODIFIED PLASTER SYSTEM – LEGOLAND

34. SIMULATED STONE FIREPLACE – MODIFIED PLASTER SYSTEM – LEGOLAND

35. EXTERIOR PLASTER WALL AND CEILING
SYSTEMS - PROGRAM OUTLINE
•MASONRY SUBSTRATES
•WOOD FRAMING
•METAL STUD FRAMING
•PLASTER CEILINGS
•EXTERIOR GYP. SHEATHING
•WEATHER-RESISTANT BARRIERS
•FLASHING
•LATH AND ACCESSORIES
•SCRATCH & BROWN
• FINISHES
• CONTINUOUS INSULATION

36. MASONRY

37. Cast-in-Place Concrete / CMU

38. Cast-in-P lace Concrete
 Cured 28 days – ACI
308R
 Clean
 ¼ in 10’

39. Cast-in-P lace Concret

40. Apply lath and 3 coat when matching
fram ed and lathed w alls
If Direct Applied, apply bonder evenly
Document Point / Patch by others

41. Cast-in-Place Concrete
Bond Breakers
“A1.6.2 Form release compounds shall be
compatible with plaster or be completely removed
from surfaces to receive plaster.” - ASTM C 926
Sodium Silicate bond breaker will
dissipate and can be direct applied with
plaster.
Petroleum based, oil / paraffin etc.
cannot be direct applied over.

42. M EDI UM DENSI TY OVER LAY

44. Cast-in-place Concrete – DIRECT APPLY

45. Concrete Masonry Units
Yorba Linda High School – Perlite Plastering 2009

47. CM U
 Joints Cut Flush
 90 % Loaded
 Fully Cured
 Clean
 ¼ in. Alignment

48. CONCRETE MASONRY UNITS – DIRECT APPLY

49. WOOD

50. Wood

51. Wood
•Locate CJ - Vertical backing

53. Wood
•Sill Plate Offset

54. Wood
•Plywood Gaped 1/8 in.

55. SPACER NAIL – NO 1/8” GAP

57. Wood
•2 Layers grade “D”

58. ROLL FORMED METAL

59. Roll Formed Steel

60. Roll Formed Steel
•16 Gage - .0549”
•16” O.C. Vertical
•13 ½” – 12” Ceilings
•L/360
•ASTM C 1063 (NLB) – ¼ in. – 10’
•ASTM C 1007 (LB) – 1/8 in. – 10’

61. Steel Framing
Construction Basics
Member
Nomenclature

62. A primer on Nomenclature
 Steel framing industry moving away from
using the term “gauge” to refer to
thickness of material.
•Thickness expressed in
“mils”:
•One mil = 1/1000 inch.
•Basic information is on
inside front cover of
SSMA catalog.

64. Standardization
600 S 162 - 54
6” member Stud or Joist 1-5/8” Min. base metal
depth with Lips Flange thickness in mils
(1.625”) (0.054” = 54 mils)
• Steel Members are
Standardized Using a
Universal Designation
System

65. Member Depth:
 Measured on studs: outside flanges.
 Measured on tracks: inside flanges.

66. AT LEAST ONE CREATIVE MIND
EVEN LOOKED BEYOND
CONVENTIONIAL MATERIALS
FOR THEIR PLASTER
SUBSTRATE…

67. …CHAIN LINK FENCE !! !! !
CHAIN LINK FENCE !

68. 8 or 9 Gage Hanger Wire – 3 ½’ O. C.
1 ½” CRC Main Runners – 3 ½’ O.C.
¾” CRC Cross Furring – 13 ½” O.C.
3.4 lb/sy Exp. Metal Lath – tie wire
Control Joints – 100 SF – Provide Backing
Good plaster starts w ith
good lathing

69. P laster Ceilings
Suspended
Iron / Lath / Tie Wire
No Rib Lath
No Sheathing / WRB
DEFS – a good substitute

70. SUSPENDED CEILINGS
SADDLE TIES

71. DON’T USE SHEATHING AND
WEATHER-RESISTANT BARRIERS

72. PLASTER CEILINGS

74. EXTERIOR GYP. SHEATHING - METAL STUD FRAMING

75. WHY USE IT?
•PROVIDES BACKING AND UNIFORM FLATNESS
•ELIMINATES MOST VERTICAL LINES
•PROVIDES ATTACHMENT FOR BUILDING PAPER
•REQUIRED FOR RATED CONSTRUCTION

76. EXTERIOR SHEATHING - METAL STUD FRAMING
WHY USE IT?
•PROVIDES BACKING AND UNIFORM FLATNESS

77. EXTERIOR SHEATHING - METAL STUD FRAMING
WHY USE IT?
A: ELIMINATES MOST VERTICAL LINES

78. EXTERIOR SHEATHING - METAL STUD FRAMING
WHY USE IT?
A: MAKES DEEP COLORS MORE CONSISTENT

79. PROVIDES ATTACHMENT FOR BUILDING PAPER

80. EXTERIOR SHEATHING
WHY USE SHEATHING?
•PUTS GYPSUM IN THE PLASER
SYSTEM FOR RATED SYSTEMS

81. WEATHER-RESISTING BARRIER
The IBC & CBC use the term “W eather-Resisting Barrier“
in the definition of “Ex terior W all Covering “ (§1402)
A Weather-Resisting Barrier is comprised of one or more
Water-Resistive Barriers W RB
The WRB’s work together to create a weather-resistant
exterior wall envelope (§ 1403.2)

83. What does the WRB do?

84. In a plastered wall (a drainage
system) the WRB is the primary
means of waterproofing

85. BUILDING PAPERS
TYPES OF COMMONLY USED BUILDING PAPERS
 GRADE “B”
 GRADE “D”
 SYNTHETIC OR NON-PAPER

87. Paperback Lath

88. GRADE “B”
 WATER PENETRATION RESISTANCE -
RATED AT 16 HOURS
 U.V. SENSATIVE - TENDS TO SHRINK
AND WRINKLE
 NOT VAP OR P ERM EABLE
AND CANNOT BE USED W I TH
W OOD-BASED SHEATHI NG

89. GRADE “B”

90. GRADE “B”

91. GRADE “D”
 10 TO 60 MINUTE RATED
 FOR USE OVER WOOD-BASED
SHEATHING IN TWO LAYERS
 ALLOWS VAPOR PERMABILITY
 RESISTS U.V. DEGRADATION
BETTER THAN GRADE “B”

92. GRADE “D”

93. GRADE “D”

94.  CLASSIFIED GRADE “D”
 SUPERIOR PRODUCT IN AREA OF
HIGH WINDS - RESISTS TEARING

95. FELT
 Do not use #15 or 30# felt for a
weather resistant barrier! Felt is
a roofing product that is no
longer used in wall and ceiling
assemblies.

96. FLASHING AND
SEALANTS

97. SEALANTS/CAULKING & BACKER

100. # 40 TWO-PIECE EXPANSION JOINT
XJ 15 ONE-PIECE CONTROL JOINT

101. #40 TWO PIECE VERTICAL JOINT

102. LATHING
ACCESSORIES
Control Joint: XJ-15

103. LATHING
ACCESSORIES
Inside Corner Joint: No. 30

104. LATHING ACCESSORIES
No. 5 Drip Mould

106. LATHING ACCESSORIES
CASING BEADS - PLASTER GROUNDS
Short Flange No. 66
Expanded Flange No. 66

107. LACK OF CASING
BEAD: NO
DEFINITIVE
SEPARATION TO
DISSIMILAR
MATERIAL

108. LATHING ACCESSORIES
CASING BEADS - PLASTER GROUNDS
LACK OF CASING
BEAD: RESULTANT
CRACKING

109. LATHING ACCESSORIES
CASING BEADS - PLASTER GROUNDS
GOOD USE OF
CASING BEAD

110. LATHING ACCESSORIES
CASING BEADS - PLASTER GROUNDS

111. LATHING ACCESSORIES
CASING BEADS - PLASTER GROUNDS

112. LATHING ACCESSORIES
OUTSIDE CORNER REINFORCEMENT
Corner Aid
Corner Bead

113. CORNER AID
OUTSIDE CORNER REINFORCEMENT

114. CORNER BEAD
OUTSIDE CORNER REINFORCEMENT

115. LATHING
ACCESSORIES
Foundation
Weep Screed
PER ASTM C 1063 - 7.11.5

116. UBC Reference:
2506.5 Application of Metal Plaster Bases
A minimum 0.019-inch (.48 mm) (No. 26 galvanized sheet gage) corrosion-resistant weep screed
with a minimum vertical attachment flange of 3 1/2 inches (89 mm) shall be provided at or
below the foundation plate line on all exterior stud walls. The screed shall be placed a minimum
of 4 inches (102 mm) above the earth or 2 inches (51 mm) above paved areas and shall be of
a type that will allow trapped water to drain to the exterior of the building. The weather-resistive
barrier shall lap the attachment flange, and the exterior lath shall cover and terminate on the
attachment flange of the screed.

117. PLASTER BASES – TYPES OF
LATH

118. Expanded Metal
ASTM C847

119. WOVEN WIRE
ASTM C1032

120. WELDED WIRE - NO PAPER
ASTM C933

121. WELDED WIRE WITH PAPER – ASTM C933

122. Scratch & Brown
 Cement
 Lime
 Sand
 Water

123. NEGATIVE characteristics of
Portland Cement Based Plaster
•Non-Structural
•Brittle
•Good Compressive Strength
•Poor Tensile Strength
•Shrinks During Hydration
•Prone to Cracking

124. POSTIIVE characteristics of
Portland Cement Based Plaster
•Water Permeable (water management system)
•Moisture saturates approximately 1/16” – 1/8”
per hour during heavy precipitation
•Water needs a pathway back out of the plaster
systems
•Walls breath instead of trapping water

125. PORTLAND CEMENT “SCRATCH”

126. PORTLAND CEMENT “SCRATCH”
NOTCHED TROWEL

127. PORTLAND CEMENT “SCRATCH”
SCARAFIER/COMB

128. Moist cure fresh scratch coat to achieve
48 hours of continuous cement hydration
“8.1 Sufficient time
between coats shall be
allowed to permit each
coat to cure or develop
enough rigidity to resist
cracking or other
physical damage when
the next coat is applied.”
- ASTM C926

129. PORTLAND CEMENT “BROWN”

130. PORTLAND CEMENT “BROWN”

131. Moist cure fresh brown coat to achieve 48
hours of continuous cement hydration …

132. Allow brown to dry cure for an additional 5 days
Summary,
Average basecoat application:
Apply scratch day 1
Moist cure days 2-3
Apply brown day 4
Moist cure days 5-6
Dry cure days 7-11
Total 11 days

133. FINISH OPTIONS
 INTEGRALLY COLORED CEMENT &
ACRYLIC
– Float Finish
– Dash Finish
– Troweled Finish

134. FINISH OPTIONS
 COMMERCIAL
TEXTURES
RECOM M ENDED CHOI CES

135. Fine
Sand
Float

136. Med.
Sand
Float

137. Heavy
Sand
Float

138. Light
Dash

139. Med.
Dash

140. Heavy
Dash

141. Tunnel
Dash

142. K.D.
Dash

143. FINISH OPTIONS
 COMMERCIAL
TEXTURES
ACCENT TEXTURES

144. MARBLE-
CRETE

145. COMBED SCRAPED

146. FINISH OPTIONS
 RESIDENTIAL
TEXTURES

147. Light Lace Heavy Lace

148. SPANISH ARIZONA

149. ROCK-N-ROLL FRIEZE

150. FINISH OPTIONS
 THEME FINISHES

151. SIMULATED
TIMBER

152. SIMULATED
BRICK

153. SIMULATED
TRAVERTINE

154. FINISH OPTIONS
 COMMERCIAL/RESIDENTIAL
TEXTURES
P OOR CHOI CES

155. CAT
FACES

156. CAT FACES IN CRITICAL LIGHT

157. SANTA BARBARA STD. SMOOTH

158. HIGHLY LIKELY TO
CRACK EXCESSIVELY

162. •UNLIMITED COLORS
100% ACRYLIC FINISH
•MAR & WEATHER RESISTANT
ACRYLIC FINISH

163. DESIGNING W/ FOAM
“PLANT-ON” SHAPES

164. DESIGNING W/ FOAM
“PLANT-ON” SHAPES

165. RECOMMEDED USE OF
FOAM …
Off the Ground &
Away from “Traffic

166. …POOR USE OF FOAM
At Ground
Level

167. Efflorescence
Refers to deposits of soluble
compounds (salts) carried by
water onto the surface of
porous masonry or hydraulic
cementitious materials.

168. Efflorescence
The process is very similar to
your body sweating. During
exercise, salts in your body are
brought to the surface by the
sweat your body produces to
cool off. The sweat
evaporates taking with it latent
heat. The residual material is
the white deposit you find on
your gym clothes.

169. Efflorescence
Efflorescence is not just
limited to plaster …

170. Efflorescence
.. it can appear
on any porous,
hydraulic,
cementitious
material …

171. Efflorescence
Plaster is the most difficult
surface to remove
efflorescence from

172. Efflorescence
It doesn’t always have to be
white; it is often green,
brown, or even black

173. EFFLORESCENCE
Efflorescence can also flow unto the surface
of non porous materials. It is often caused by
precast elements with a horizontal top.

174. Efflorescence
at cracks can
give an
indication of
the amount of
water flow
reaching the
drainage plane

175. EFFLORESCENCE
Left untreated, it can
accumulate into a quite a
large amount of material

176. Efflorescence
In nature, where time is
measured in millions of
years, efflorescence takes on
a life form of its own …

177. EFFLORESCENCE

178. Efflorescence

179. Efflorescence
Three (3) Conditions must exist
simultaneously for efflorescence to
develop:
1. Soluble salts must be present
2. Water must contact the salts to
form a solution
3. The salt solution must have a path
to migrate to a surface where the
water can evaporate (precipitate out).

180. Efflorescence
The most common type of efflorescence is calcium
hydroxide, a soluble component of efflorescence.
This is the type of efflorescence we refer to as
“new bloom” and usually washes away with rain …

181. Efflorescence
However, calcium hydroxide efflorescence
reacts with air (absorbs carbon dioxide) and
becomes calcium carbonate, which is not water
soluble and does not was away with the rain.

182. Efflorescence
HOW DO I GET THIS
STUFF CLEANED UP?

184. www.tsib.org

185. Arizona
California
Nevada
Oregon
Washington
Plastering Information Bureau
San Francisco –San Mateo
NortherN CaliforNia lath aNd
Plaster Bureau

186. INTRODUCES

187. The following will change the
way exterior walls are built

188. Energy Codes

189. JAN 1, 2010
• ONE YEAR DELAY
•CA ENERGY ONLINE
•ASHRAE 90.1

191. Thermal Shorts

192. Correction Factor, Effective
RE
ASHRAE Correction Factor 90.1 --- Effective R-value = R-value x
Correction Factor
The ASHRAE 90.1 correction factor considers the heat loss through the highly inefficient steel studs and
is based on the R-value of the insulation used between the studs only.

193. California has 16 zones
No relation to ASHRAE
Zones
Website in the
Brochure

194. GOAL: Energy efficiency of 30% in the
2010 compared to the 2004 standard.
net-zero energy buildings by 2030.

195. Rigid Foam - Why?

196. REMEMBER THE “R” VALUE LOST DUE TO
THERMAL SHORTS?
ASHRAE and the energy
codes called and they
w ant it back !
Cladding Neutral

197. The OBVIOUS CHOICE IS EIFS
•CODE RECOGNIZED
•PROVEN
•READILY AVAILABLE

198. PROBLEM IS…MANY OWNERS
WONT USE EIFS – WE NEED
CODE COMPLIANT - 3-COAT
CEMENT IN OUR MARKETS

199. HERE’S WHAT WE HAVE:

201. PWA 104
Cement plaster Over Foam
 CODE
– ASTM C-926 item 7.1.3
– “Portland Cement Plaster shall be applied
on a metal base when the surface of solid
backing consists of gypsum board,
gypsum plaster, wood or rigid foam
board type products”

202. General Design
Recommendations
( All Stucco)
 L/360 or stiffer
 Vapor Permeable WRB
 Plaster Mixes , ASTM C-926
 16 inch OC framing - best perform ance

203. Mesh & Base “Lamina”
OPTIONS
1. No Lamina - likely to crack more
2. Skim Coat only – Cracking similar to conventional
3. Skim and Mesh – highly crack resistant

205. PWA 105
This is not
EIFS …
EIFS is defined
as the (Finish
cladding “and”
the Weather
Barrier)

206. PWA 105
Inexpensive cement
basecoat - no control
joints required – drift
joints will be
required
Brown coat need not
be hard floated
encapsulate the foam
for fire rating

208. Installs like traditional cement
plaster

209. THE FOAM IN THESE
ASSEMBLIES DOES
NOT CANCEL THE FIRE
RATING - PROVIDED
…

210. Fire ratings
 Flame Spread less than 25
 Smoke Develop not more than 450
 Thickness, less than 4 inches
 Thermal barrier 1/2 inch of Gypsum

211. USING THE
BROCHURE

212. How Much CI?
 Step one: Climate
Zone and Building
Type – Have a
PWA in Mind
*Assume a
Commercial
Building in Climate
zone 8

213. Step Two
Our Target U factor is .062 or less ( assume R-19 Cavity)

214. Assume using PWA 104- we need R 7.0
assume (XPS) we need - Minimum 1.5 density
@ 1.5”= R 7.5

215.  With cavity
Insulation @ R -
19
 & CI @ R 7.5
 We Exceed the
assembly U-Factor
.062

216. Can’t afford a LAMINA ?
Another look - Our target is a U factor of .062 or better
Space framing @ 24 oc, add two inches foam (XPS) for a U-Factor of ?

217. 24 inch framing – saves money to offset the
cost of adding a lamina
A factor of .048 , possible credits elsewhere?
Highly Crack Resistant

218. TECHNICAL SERVICES
INFORMATION BUREAU
WWW.TSIB.ORG
Updates Details

219.  The WCWCI will hold seminars
for Architects, Designers,
Inspectors, Building
Departments and Contractors
The use of the systems are recommended to be installed
by contractors who have completed the Western
Conference of Wall and Ceiling Institutes educational
seminar on “ Insulated Cement Plaster Systems”

220. THE END