30. Groppel JL. 1992. High Tech Tennis.
2nd ed. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.
Kibler WB. 1994. Clinical biomechanics of the
elbow in tennis: implications for evaluation and
diagnosis. Med Sci Sports Exerc 26 (10):1203-
1206
10 %
15 %
21 %
54 %
网球运动员挥拍时力的传递
31.
32. From: Myers TM. Anatomy Trains.
Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone
2001, p. 157
“The longitudinal muscle sling”
纵向肌肉链
骶结节韧带
股二头肌
腓骨长肌
33. Vleeming A, Mooney V, Dorman T, Snijders C, Stoeckart
R (Eds). Movement Stability & Low Back Pain.
Churchill Livingstone, New York 1979. p. 63
latissimus dorsi
sacroiliac joint
gluteus maximus
iliotibial tract
biceps femoris
sacrotuberal ligament
“The longitudinal muscle sling”
股二头肌
骶结节韧带
34. Vleeming A, Mooney V, Dorman T, Snijders
C, Stoeckart R (Eds). Movement Stability &
Low Back Pain. Churchill Livingstone, New
York 1979. p. 63
latissimus dorsi
gluteus maximus
iliotibial tract
biceps femoris
sacroiliac joint
sacrotuberal ligament
“The oblique muscle sling”
背阔肌
臀大肌
髂胫束
58. 多裂肌脂肪含量
• The mean percentage fat
content of the multifidus
muscle was 23.6% in
patients with chronic LBP
and 14.5% in the
volunteers (P = .014).
Mengiardi, B. et al. Radiology
2006;240:786-792
64. 300 mV
10o
300 ms
left L5-S1
right L5-S1
T12 movement
latency
duration
load hits
the box
- Short latency response
多裂肌和竖脊肌的预激活消失
- Short latency response
正常人在完成可知的躯干负荷时(睁眼),多裂肌活动的潜伏期较
完成不可知的负荷(闭眼)时短,而LBP患者无此现象(Leinonen
et al.,2001);
65. 腰部竖脊肌、浅层多裂肌屈放松现象消失
• 腰痛患者常常伴有躯干浅层肌肉活动增加, 这可能
是因为深层肌肉功能不足, 要保持脊柱的稳定, 特
别是腰椎的稳定而发生的肌肉代偿性改变。
Ng JK, Richardson CA, Parnianpour M, et al. Fatigue-
relatedchanges in torque output and electromyographic
parameters of trunk muscles during isometric axial
rotation exertion: an investigation in patients with back
pain and in healthy subjects[J]. Spine, 2002,27:637.
68. 腰痛主要是由于负责脊柱稳定的肌群的
运动控制出现异常,而非单纯的肌力和耐
力的异常。
• Jull GA, Richardson CA. Motor control problems in
patientswith spinal pain: a new direction for therapeutic
exercise [J].Journal of Manipulative and hysiological
Therapeutics,2000, 23(2):115—117.
• Richardson C, Jull G, Hodges P,et al. Therapeutic
exercise for the spinal segmental stabilization in low
back pain:scientific basis and clinical approach [M].
Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone,1999.