1. AGING AND DISEASE

2. Background
• Arthritis is probably the most common disease associated with aging
• Majority of people over age 65 have some degree of osteoarthritis.
• From 70s and 80s, then dementia becomes more common.
• Parkinson's disease, diabetes, hypertension have a chance of about
40 percent form 65 years of age.

3. 1. Presbyopia.
• Presbyopia is farsightedness
• The individual now has need for reading glasses.
• From forty to fifty years most people start to develop the need to
read further and further away, to the point where they can't even
read the small print and need reading glasses.

4. 2. End-stage renal disease.
• End-stage renal disease is a result of a number of conditions,
which will reduce the ability of your kidney to secrete urine
effectively.
• It is at this point that the person needs either kidney
transplant or dialysis.

5. 3. Influenza / COVID 19/… .
• Influenza is a serious threat to an older person.
• It is a devastating condition, and an older person is much
more inclined to get sick and even die from influenza than a
young person.
• Influenza is a viral infection of the lungs.
• It renders the lungs more prone to a bacterial infection
which eventually is responsible for the deaths that may arise
there after.

6. 4. Cardiovascular disease.
• The primary cause is atherosclerosis.
• Cardiovascular disease causes heart attacks, high
blood pressure, causes strokes, peripheral vascular
disease, clots in blood vessels.
• It contributes to dementia, macular degeneration of
the eyes and much more.

7. 5. Heart attack.
• Heart attacks occur when one of the small blood vessels that
supplies blood to the heart called the 'coronary artery'
becomes stuffed up or clogged, so that blood can't flow
through it.

8. Cont;
• Therefore that part of the heart where blood was going to is
going to die and that is called 'myocardial infarction'.
• Hence , with a dead part of the heart, the heart cannot
function Myocardial infarction is the technical word for heart
attack.

9. 6. Stroke.
• A stroke is when one of the blood vessels that goes up into the brain
gets stopped, either by a blood clot, some fat or a combination of the
two and blood can no longer reach a part of the brain.
• Those brain cells will then start dying, and when part of the brain is
dead that is what stroke is.

10. 7. Type 2 diabetes.
There are two types of diabetes;
Type 1 is juvenile or young-onset diabetes, when you get a virus and it
attacks your pancreas.
It modifies the cells, your body looks at these cells now and sees that these
cells are different.
Your body attacks the cells in your pancreas and destroys the cells that make
insulin.

11. Cont;
• Now you don't have any insulin anymore.
• You have diabetes, and you need insulin by injection or from the
outside, from the environment, because you're not making it
internally anymore.

12. Cont;
• In Type 2 diabetes, usually caused by not exercising or not
eating right, or being too heavy, your body's not
metabolizing sugar as well. Your insulin is fine.
• Your body's not responding to it properly, and your blood
sugar level rises, You have diabetes.