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Module 1
1. PROFESSIONAL ETHICS
MODULE 1
Morals, values and ethics – integrity- academic integrity-work ethics- service learning- civic virtue,
respect for others- living peacefully- caring and sharing- honestly- courage-cooperation,
commitment, empathy-self confidence -social expectations.
2. VALUES
• The way that something is held to deserve.
or
The measure of the importance, worth, or usefulness of something.
• A value is a belief that something is good and desirable
• Human values are those values required by human to live in a harmony with the
society or world.
• Human Values are the ideas in the mind of people, they specify how people should
behave. Values also attach degrees of goodness to activities and relationships
• Values are individual in nature.
• Values are comprised of personal concepts of responsibility, entitlement and
respect.
• Values are shaped by personal experience, may change over the span of a lifetime
and may be influenced by lessons learned.
• Values may vary according to an individuals cultural, ethnic and/or faith-based
3. SOURCES OF VALUES
• Family: Family is a great source of values. A child
learns his first value from his family.
• Friends & peers: Friends and peers play a vital role in
achieving values.
• Community or society: As a part of society, a person
learns values from society or different groups of
society.
• School: As a learner, school and teachers also play a
very important role in introducing values.
4. SOURCES OF VALUES
• Media: Media such as – Print media, Electronic media also
play the role of increasing values in the mind of people.
• Relatives: Relative also helps to create values in the minds
of people.
• Organization: Different organizations and institutions also
play a vital role in creating value.
• Religion.
• History.
• Books.
5. TYPES OF VALUES
Two types of values are;
1. Terminal Values.
2. Instrumental Values.
Terminal Values are most
desirable to humans and
Instrumental values are
views of how human desires
should be achieved.
6. TYPES OF VALUES
• These are values that we think are most
important or most desirable.
• These refer to desirable end-states of
existence, the goals a person would like to
achieve during his or her lifetime.
• They include happiness, self-respect,
recognition, inner harmony, leading a
prosperous life, and professional
excellence.
1.Terminal Values.
7. TYPES OF VALUES
• Instrumental values deal with views on acceptable modes of conduct,
means of achieving the terminal values.
• These include being honest, sincere, ethical, and being ambitious.
These values are more focused on personality traits and character.
2. Instrumental Values.
8. Terminal Values Instrumental Values
A comfortable life (a prosperous life) Ambitious (hardworking)
An exciting life (a stimulating, active life) Broadminded (open-minded)
A sense of accomplishment (lasting contribution) Capable (competent, efficient)
A world of peace (free of war and conflict) Cheerful ( lighthearted, joyful)
A world of beauty (the beauty of nature and the
arts)
Clean (neat, tidy)
Equality (brotherhood, equal opportunity for all) Courageous (standing up for your beliefs)
Family security (taking care of loved ones) Forgiving (willing to pardon)
Freedom (independence, free choice) Helpful (working for the welfare of others)
Happiness ( contentedness) Honest (sincere, truthful)
Inner harmony (freedom from inner conflict) Imaginative (daring, creative)
Mature love (sexual and spiritual intimacy) Independent (self-reliant, self-sufficient)
National security (protection from attack) Intellectual (intelligent, reflective)
Pleasure (an enjoyable, leisurely life) Logical (consistent, rational)
Salvation (saved, eternal) Loving (affectionate, tender)
Self-respect(self-esteem) Obedient (dutiful, respectful)
Social recognition (respect, admiration) Polite (courteous, well-mannered)
A true friend (close companionship) Responsible (dependable, reliable)
Wisdom ( a mature understanding of life) Self-controlled (restrained, self-disciplined)
9. 1. Ultimate values: right conduct, peace, truthful, love and non-
violence
2. Democratic values
3. Educational values
4. Subject (or internal) values
5. Objective (or external) values
TYPES OF VALUES
10. IMPORTANCE OF VALUES IN AN ORGANIZATION
• Contribute to the shared meaning in the organization.
• Binds people together as a community.
• Provides people with a common language.
• Tell people how to behave to achieve the organization’s vision.
• Contribute to organization’s vitality and performance.
• Organizational values are unique to each company.
• Values should represent the culture of the business. It’s okay to
be competitive and profit driven.
12. MORALS
• Morals are the prevailing standards of behavior that enable
people to live cooperatively in groups.
• Moral refers to individual qualities that societies sanction as
right and acceptable.
• Morality often requires that people sacrifice their own short-
term interests for the benefit of society.
• Morality describes the particular values of a specific group at
a specific point in time.
• So, morals are the principles that guide individual conduct
within society.
• Morals may change over time, they remain the standards of
behavior that we use to judge right and wrong.
13. ETHICS
• Ethics is a system of moral principles, rules and conduct.
• Ethics is the science of morals
• The word ethics is emerged from Latin ‘Ethicus’ or in Greek ‘Ethicos’.
• As per Oxford Dictionary the meaning of ethics is a system of moral
principles.
• Set of codes or moral principles with which behavior and beliefs are
evaluated as right or wrong.
• Which tell people how to act and respond in situations in which they
find themselves.
• Ethics is not religion, but specific moral codes.
14. ETHICS
• The terms ‘right’, ‘fair’ or ‘proper’ are commonly used to express the social behavior
of the people
• The beliefs what is right, what is fair and what is proper are our beliefs and our
moral standards.
• The beliefs differ from individual to individual, place to place and time to time.
• What is right in one place or situation may be wrong in other situation.
• The moral standards also differ based on moral value an
individual attaches.
• Any action can be termed good or right or bad or wrong are
relative and moral judgments
15. IMPORTANCE OF ETHICS:
• Satisfying Basic Human Needs:
Being fair, honest and ethical is one the basic human needs.
• Creating Credibility:
An organization that is believed to be driven by moral values is respected in the society even by
information about the working and the businesses or an organization.
• Uniting People and Leadership:
An organization driven by values is revered by its employees also. They are the common thread
employees and the decision makers on a common platform.
• Improving Decision Making
A man’s destiny is the sum total of all the decisions that he/she takes in course of his life. The
organizations. Decisions are driven by values.
16. IMPORTANCE OF ETHICS:
• Long Term Gains
Organizations guided by ethics and values are profitable in the
short run they may seem to lose money.
• Securing the Society
Often ethics succeeds law in safeguarding the society.
17.
18. Ethics Morals
What are they The rules of conduct
recognized in respect to a
particular class of human
actions or a particular group of
culture.
Principles of habits with respect to right
or wrong conduct. While morals also
prescribe dos and don’ts. Morality is
ultimately a personal compass of right
and wrong.
Where do they come
from
Social system-external Individual-internal
Why we do it Because society says it is the
right thing to do.
Because we believe in something being
right or wrong
Flexibility Ethics depend on others by
definition. They tend to be
consistent within a certain
context, but vary within
context.
Usually consistent, although it can
change with the change in individual’s
belief.
Acceptability Ethics are governed by
professional and legal
guidelines with a particular
Morality Transends cultural rules.
19.
20. WORK ETHICS
• Set of standards of behavior or codes of conduct based on a set of
values in the workplace.
• Traditionally, work ethic has been understood as a value based on
hard work and diligence.
• E.g.: Medical ethics, Military ethics, etc.
21. BASIC ELEMENTS
• Integrity and loyalty – being honest and
loyal.
• Professionalism – skill & experience
• Respect and care – kind & considerate
• Cooperation – Coordination.
• Fairness – reward & Justice.
• Trustworthiness – trust.
22. FACTORS INFLUENCING WORK ETHICS
• Organizational culture – Attitude of
management.
• Individual factors – Awareness, Education, Family
and culture of employee.
• Published code of conduct and Policies –
predefined code of conduct.
23. IMPORTANCE OF WORK ETHIC
Productive Work
• Individuals with a good work ethic are usually very productive people who work at a faster
pace.
• They regularly accomplish more work, more quickly than those who lack a work ethic, for
they do not quit until the work which they are tasked is completed.
Cooperation
• Cooperative work can be highly beneficial in a business entity, individuals with a good work
ethic know this well. They understand the usefulness of cooperation, e.g., teamwork they
often put an extensive amount of effort into working well with others.
Ethics in Organizational Culture
• Positive ethics culture improves morale in a business, plus it may increase productivity and
employee retention which cuts the costs of employee churning, consequentially financially
benefitting an organization as improved productivity improves company efficiency.
24. CORE ELEMENTS OF A STRONG WORK ETHIC:
• Honesty: This is the core element of work ethics, all the other elements are based
upon your honesty.
• Integrity: Do not let people down, try to fulfill your commitments, and be
consistent in your thoughts, action and behavior.
• Impartiality/Fairness: Be fair to all, do not practice favoritism. Treat everyone as
equals.
• Alertness: Be aware of what is happening around and keep an eye on things.
• Openness: Share your ideas, results and resources with the other team members,
so that everyone has the same opportunity and know what you are doing. Being
secretive is counterproductive.
• Respect for others: No matter how urgent a deadline or heated that tempers
25. CORE ELEMENTS OF A STRONG WORK ETHIC:
• Reliability and Dependability: Means being punctual for work and meetings,
delivering assignments within budget and on schedule.
• Determination: Obstacles cannot stop you as they are a challenge to be overcome.
• Dedication: Continue until the job is complete and delivered.
• Accountability: Take responsibility personally for one’s action or outcomes in all
situations, plus avoid excuses when work does not proceed as planned.
• Confidentiality: Any confidential information
of documents you have should remain
confidential.
• Responsibility: Take responsibility for your
thoughts, actions, behavior and work.
26. • Legality: Always work within the legal boundaries, do not break or twist the
law to fit your agenda.
• Competence: Improve your performance and competence by constantly
learning and including the new learning into your work.
• Professionalism : From how one dresses and presents oneself in the business
world, to how others are treated, professionalism is such a very broad category
that it covers all the elements of a work ethic.
• Initiative: Do not be afraid to put forth your ideas or volunteer for work.
• Humility: Acknowledge other’s contribution and share credit for success.
CORE ELEMENTS OF A STRONG WORK ETHIC:
27.
28. INTEGRITY
• The quality of being honest and having strong
moral principles.
• Character that reflects a person’s degree
of honesty, adherence to moral principles
and complete harmony of others.
• It describe a person's level of honesty,
moral commitments, and willingness to
do what's right.
30. ACADEMIC INTEGRITY
• One of the earliest encounters you are likely to have had
with integrity (outside of your family) is in an academic
environment.
• Academic integrity is the commitment to and
demonstration of honest and moral behavior in an
academic setting.
31. ACADEMIC INTEGRITY
• A student who copies his assignments, a researcher who cooks up
data, a writer who does not acknowledge his sources etc. said to be
lacking academic integrity
• This is most relevant at the university level as it relates to providing
credit to other people when using their ideas.
32. FIVE PILLARS OF ACADEMIC INTEGRITY
The International Center for Academic Integrity (ICAI)
has identified five pillars of academic integrity to
generate positive conversations about integrity.
• Pillar 1 – Honesty
• Pillar 2 – Trust
• Pillar 3 – Fairness
• Pillar 4 – Respect
• Pillar 5 – Responsibility
33. SERVICE LEARNING
• Service-learning refers to learning that actively involves students in a
wide range of experiences, which often benefit others and the
community, while also advancing the goals of a given curriculum.
• Service-learning is an educational approach that combines learning
objectives with community service in order to provide a realistic and
progressive learning experience while meeting societal needs.
34. QUALITIES OF SERVICE-LEARNING:
1. Integrative-Service-learning holistically integrates class learning
objectives, faculty guidance, as well as community perspective and
priorities.
2. Reflective- helps the learners to define or set their own values, morals
and principles
3. Contextualized-Service-learning provides students a unique
opportunity to access knowledge and expertise that exist in the context
of community.
4. Strength-Based-honors community members and organizations as co-
educators of students.
5. Reciprocal- the service-learning relationship offers all parties involved
some measure of benefits
35. CIVIC VIRTUES
• Civic virtue is often conceived as the dedication of citizens to the common welfare
of their community even at the cost of their individual interests.
• Moral duties or standards of righteous behavior of an individual as a responsible
member of the community and integral part of the system.
• Civic virtues is the harvesting of habits important for the success of the
community.
• A person’s well-being is not solely attributable to
his or her own talents but is a product of social
cooperation, or civic virtue.
• The essential virtues are justice, courage, and
honesty.
• Both the liberal and republican traditions share the
view that civic virtue is not an inherent human
quality but needs to be developed.
36. CIVIC VIRTUES
• Examples…
• Paying taxes on time.
• Not to cause any disturbance to others.
• Keeping the surroundings and public place clean
• Following road safety rules.
• Charity.
• Healthy interest in what is happening in the world.
• Support the less fortunate with welfare programs
and private charities.
(Tax deductions for donations to charities helps
citizens of a society understand their role in the whole
picture of their society)
Reporting a crime Helping a victim of acciden
37. RESPECT FOR OTHERS
• The process of honoring someone by exhibiting care, concern,
or consideration for their needs or feelings.
• A person who cannot respect himself cannot respect others
nor can he expect respect from others.
• Respect of individuals by assisting others or by playing
important social roles. (Eg. Volunteering in activities during a
disaster, pandemic, etc.)
• Courtesies that show respect may include simple words and
phrases like "Thank you“.
• Simple physical signs like a slight bow, a smile, direct eye
contact, or a simple handshake are means of respect in that
particular context.
38. WAYS TO RESPECT OTHERS
• Listening to the other person.
• Being empathetic, understanding each other and putting ourselves in their shoes.
• Using assertive communication, that is, defending our rights while respecting the
rights of others, in an educated and non-aggressive manner.
• Keep in mind that our approaches, ideas, and opinions may differ from other people
and none is wrong. No one has the absolute truth.
• Apologizing to each other when we make mistakes.
• Complying with and respecting laws and regulations
• Taking care of the common spaces and the environment.
• Interest in others, their everyday life and how they feel.
• Respecting the privacy and intimacy of others.
• Respecting others spaces and belongings, not to invade or use what is not ours
without permission.
• Respect personal space.
• Make sure we include rather than exclude others.
• Helping others when it is in our power to do so.
• Being grateful.
39. CARING
• Caring includes feelings, relationship and contends with other persons, and protecting
others and causing least damage to others.
• It is a process which exhibits the interest in, and support for, the welfare of others with
fairness, impartiality and justice in all activities, among the employees, in the context
of professional ethics.
• Caring is reflected in activities such as friendship, membership in social clubs and
professional societies, and through various transactions in the family, fraternity,
community, country and in international councils.
• Caring for the environment (including the fauna and flora) has become a necessity for
our survival.
40. SHARING
• Sharing means sharing of feelings, ideas thoughts, resources and
profits.
• Sharing is the transfer of knowledge (teaching, learning, and
information), experience (training), commodities (material
possession) and facilities with others.
• The transfer should be genuine, legal, positive, voluntary, and
without any expectation in return.
• In an organization, the proprietary information it should not be shared
with outsiders.
• Through the process of sharing, experience, expertise, wisdom and
other benefits reach more people faster.
• Sharing is voluntary and it cannot be driven by force, but motivated
41. HONESTLY
• Honesty is speaking the truth.
• Saying things that aren't true, or that you think might not be true,
or that you are making up to hide the truth are all types of lies.
• Lying is not honest (also called being dishonest) because you are
saying something that isn't true.
• Honesty means you don't say things about people that aren't
true.
• Being honest means you admit to your actions, even if you'll get
in trouble.
• Honesty means you explain how a situation really happened.
• Being honest means you act in a way that you know is the right
thing to do.
• Honesty is a virtue, and it is exhibited in two aspects
namely, (a) Truthfulness and (b) Trustworthiness.
42. HONESTLY-ENGINEER
1. Lying: Honesty implies avoidance of lying. An engineer may communicate wrong
or distorted test results intentionally or otherwise. It is giving wrong information to
the right people.
2. Deliberate deception: An engineer may judge or decide on matters one is not
familiar or with insufficient data or proof, to impress upon the customers or
employers. This is a self deceit.
3. Withholding the information: It means hiding the facts during communicating
with superiors, colleagues or subordinates.
4. Not seeking the truth: Some engineers accept the information or data, without
applying their mind and seeking the truth.
5. Not maintaining confidentiality: It is giving right information to wrong people. The
engineers should keep information of their customers/clients or of their employers
confidential and should not discuss them with others.
6. Giving professional judgment under the influence of extraneous factors such as
personal benefits and prejudice. The laws, experience, social welfare, and even
conscience are given a go-bye by such actions. Certainly this is a higher-order
43. LIVING PEACEFULLY
• One should adopt the following means to live peacefully, in the
world:
– Respecting others
– Forgiving others.
– Not interfering in other’s affairs.
– Giving credits for others work
– Adapting to circumstances.
– Engage yourself.
– Ensuring the basic needs without exploiting the resource of our planet.
– Nurture a genuine love for all living beings.
• One should start install peace within (self).
• Then one can spread peace to family,
organization where one works, and then to the
world, including the environment.
• Only who are at peace can spread peace.
44. LIVING PEACEFULLY
• Safe
• Ventilated
• Illuminated
• Comfortable
• Rewards for
motivation
Arise due to imitations;
• Money
• Time.
Treat physically and
mentally-challenged
with love and
• Except the
guidelines.
45. COURAGE
• Courage is the tendency to accept and face risks and
difficult tasks in rational ways.
• Self-confidence is the basic requirement to foster
courage.
• Courage is classified into three types, based on the
types of risks, they are,
─ Physical courage
─ Social courage
─ Intellectual courage
46. COURAGE
Physical courage
• In physical courage, the thrust is on the adequacy of the
physical strength, including the muscle power and
weapons.
• People with high adrenalin, may be prepared to face
challenges for thrill or driven by a decision to excel.
47. COURAGE
Social courage
• Social courage, involves the decisions and actions to
change the order, based on the conviction for or against
certain social behaviors.
• This requires leadership abilities, including empathy and
sacrifice, to mobilize and motivate the followers, for the
social cause.
This type of courage involves the risk of social
embarrassment, exclusion, unpopularity or
rejection.
49. COURAGE IN A PROFESSION
• Look before you leap. One should perform
Strengths, Weakness, Opportunities, and threat
(SWOT) analysis.
• Consider one’s strength and anticipate the end
results, while taking decisions and before getting
into action.
• Facing the criticism, owning responsibility, and
accepting the mistakes or errors are the expressions
of courage.
• By expressing courage one can sets their mind to be
vigilant against the past mistakes, and find creative
alternate means to achieve the desired goals.
50. CHARACTERISTICS OF COURAGEOUS PEOPLE
The characteristics courageous people in their professions.
Preparedness to
face the
challenges,
unexpected or
Sustained
hard work
Attitude,
clear and
firm resolve
to act
Willing to get into
action and to
reach the desired
goals by any
alternative but
ethical means Perseveranc
e
Commitmen
t
Involveme
nt
Experimentatio
n
51. COOPERATION
• Cooperation a team-spirit present with every individual engaged in engineering.
• Cooperation is activity between two persons or sectors that aims at integration of
operations (synergy), while not sacrificing the autonomy of either party.
• Working together ensures the blending of different skills towards the achievement of
common goals.
• Willingness to understand others, think and act together and putting this into
practice, is cooperation.
• Cooperation promotes;
Activities
linked in
sequence or
priority
Maximizing
the output,
by
reinforcement
Blend
52. COOPERATION IN PROFESSIONAL LEVEL
• According to professional ethics, cooperation
should exist or be developed, and maintained
between,
−Employers and employees
−Superiors and subordinates
−The colleagues
−Producers and suppliers (spare parts)
−Organization and its customers
• The codes of ethics of various professional
societies insist on appropriate cooperation to
nourish the industry.
53. COOPERATION IN ORGANIZATION
• The absence of cooperation leads to lack of communication,
misinformation, void in communication, and undue delay
between supply, production, marketing, and consumption.
• Lack of cooperation to demoralize and frustrate the
employees, leading to collapse of the industry over time and
an economic loss to the society.
The hurdles to
successful
cooperation
Lack of leadership
and motivation
Clash of ego of
individuals
1.Ignorance and lack
of interest
1.Conflicts of interests, based on
region, religion, language, and
caste.
54. COMMITMENT
Commitment means alignment to goals and
adherence to ethical principles during the
activities.
• Holding sustained interest and determination, with
the eager attitude and hope towards the
achievement of goals is commitment.
• It is the driving force to realize success.
• Commitment means acceptance of the
responsibilities and duties.
• By developing team commitment and cooperation
in a work team can help the team to meet its goals
and objectives
55. COMMITMENT-TYPES
When the employee loves his job.
Affective
commitment
•
When the employee is driven by the fear of possible
losses.
Continuance
commitment
•
When the employee feels obligated or duty bound to
stay with the organization.
Normative
commitment
•
58. EMPATHY
• Sensing what others feel about, without an open
talk, is the essence of empathy.
• Empathy is showing concerns about others by
obtaining or understanding their feeling.
59. EMPATHY-IN AN ORGANIZATION
I. Understanding others: sensing others feelings and
perspectives, and taking active interest in their welfare.
II. Service orientation: It is anticipation, recognition and
meeting the needs of the clients or customers.
III. Developing others: identification of the needs and
encouraging their abilities.
IV. Leveraging diversity (opportunities through diverse
people): This leads to enhanced organizational
learning, flexibility, and profitability.
V. Political awareness: It is the ability to read political and
social currents in an organization.
60.
61. EMPATHY – AT AN ORGANIZATION
Benefits
of
Empathy
62. SELF-CONFIDENCE
• One’s certainty on capabilities, values and goals is called as
self confidence.
• Person with self-confidence are usually positive thinking,
flexible and willing to change.
• The people with self- confidence exhibit courage to get into
action and unshakable faith in their abilities, whatever may be
their positions.
• The self-confidence in a person develops a sense of
partnership, respect, and Accountability.
65. DEVELOPING SELF-CONFIDENCE
Encouraging
SWOT analysis
self-acceptance
Self-talk
Study and group
discussion
• By evaluating their strength and
weakness.
• One can anticipate and be prepared
to face the results.
• Training to evaluate
risks and face them
• Conditioning the mind for preparing the self
to act, without any doubt on his/her
capabilities.
• Accepts oneself while striving for
• Learn from
the history
66. SOCIAL EXPECTATIONS
• Expectations or ideas on someone in our social surroundings
will behave in the future or in a specific situation.
• When we generate an impression of someone, these
expectations are associated with the image we generate.
• This will help us imagine how we have to behave or act in the
society.
• The conduct of generating expectations help us to adapt to
the complex societies where we inhabit.
• Foreseeing the behavior of others allows us to adapt our own
behavior.
• Plus, we try to make others meet our expectations, either by
forcing them indirectly or altering our perception them.
• We need to adapt our behavior in order to satisfy the ideas of
the society we belong to.
67.
68. Values
• A value is a belief that something is good and
desirable
• Human values are those values required by
human to live in a harmony with the society or
world.
69. Values
• A value is a belief that something is good and
desirable
• Human values are those values required by
human to live in a harmony with the society or
world.
Morals
• Morals are the prevailing standards of
behavior that enable people to live
cooperatively in groups.
• Moral refers to what societies sanction as
right and acceptable.
70. Values
• A value is a belief that something is good and
desirable
• Human values are those values required by
human to live in a harmony with the society or
world.
Morals
• Morals are the prevailing standards of
behavior that enable people to live
cooperatively in groups.
• Moral refers to what societies sanction as
right and acceptable.
Ethics
• Oxford Dictionary defines ethics as “system of
moral principles, rules and conduct.”
• Ethics is a system of moral principles, rules
and conduct.
• Ethics is the science of morals
