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b.coli
1.
2.
3. Introduction
balantidium coli it is parasitic species of ciliate
protozoan that causes the disease balantidisis.
.balantidium coli is the largest protozoan and
theonly ciliate known to parasitize humans.
History
Malmsten in 1857 in the faeces.
Habitat
in large intestine of man.Also found in pigs and
monkeys.
5. MOrphology
Trophozoite
OVal pointed at anterior end
50-130um long
Covered in cilia
Motile
Non-infective
Reproduce by binary fission and conjugation
Micronuclei and macronuclei
6. Cyst
Smaller han trophozoites
Spherical
40-60um size
Non motile
Covered with thick, hard
Faintly yellowish green in color
Cyst wall with cilia mad of one or tow layers
Infective
Non reproductive
Macronuclei
8. Transmission
Transmission by Fecal-oral route
Transmission by Eating meat,fruits,and
vegetables that have been contaminated by an
infected person or contaminated by fecal
matter from an infected animal
Transmission by Drinking and washing food
with contaminated water
Having poor hygiene habits
Transmission by coprophagia culd occur in
animals
12. Pathogenesis
Parasite produces chemical substance called
hyaluronidase enzyme that may cause
mucosal damage in the large intesting
especially in the colon.
Balantidiaisis:whichl results in small superflcial
ulcers which may penettrate upto submucosa
13. Clinical features(symptoms)
Most infection are. asyptomatic.
Symptomatic disease ( balantidiasis)resembles
amoebiasis causing diarrhea or frank
dysentery with abdominal pain
also watery Diarrhea-or bloody diarrhea and
dysentery can be developed.Abdominal to
colic
14. Other clinical features
loss weight due to fluid loss- fever,nausea'
vomting and abdominal hemorrage- may lead
to shock and death
15.
16. Complications
In immunocompromissed and malnutrition
patients and some diseases.
Perforation of large intestine,involvemennt of
appendix,peritonitis,sever dehydration leading
to renal failure.
Accrue extraintestinal manifestation.
Rare:liver abscess, pleurisy and pneumonia[1].
Risking more in the case alcoholism[2]
17. Laboratory diagnosis
Stool Examination
Demonstration of trophozoites and cysts in feces.
•
trophozoites_diarrheic feces,larg in
size ,macronucleus,and motile
•
cysts formed stool ,round shape and
large ,macronucleus
Laboratory studies
The specimen of choice for diagnosing B.coli is stoll
We take three stool sample should be collected at
intervals
Since parasite ane excreted intermittently
18. Laboratory diagnosis
Trophozoite _motile Trophozoite in(active feeding
replicative stage)can be visualised via microscopy in
saline wet mount of fresh diarrhea stool as well as
branch alveolar whash fluid _but this difficult the size
30_300mm in length 30_100mm in breadth covered _
cili and shape oval
Imaging studies
Chest radiography _show pulmonary mesenchymal
Computed tomography ( CT) scanning _ show pulmonary
mesenchymal and lymph node involvement and organs
system
19. Laboratory diagnosis
•
Procedure
•
Colonoscopy _ endoscopic examination of the
colon to obtain biopsy of ulcer.
Histological finding
B. Coli can invade in mucosa and submucosa _
causing ulceration and infiltration with poly
morphonuclear cells, lymphocytes and
Eosinophils.
Trophozoite _ can we see in the periphery
submucosal abscess.
22. Treatment
:is drugs of choice ,500mg for 10 days,four times
dail
:is 750mg,3 times daily for 5 days.
:is 650 mg ,3 times daily for days
are alternative drugs.
Tetracycline
Metronidazole
Iodoquinol
Metronidazole and
iodoquinol
