This document discusses wave energy and provides an overview of its history, types of wave energy conversion systems, current projects, and challenges. It describes how waves are generated by wind and travel across oceans. There are three main types of wave energy conversion systems: oscillating water columns, oscillating wave surge converters, and overtopping devices. Current large-scale projects harnessing wave energy include a 500 kW plant in Scotland and a 2.25 MW farm in Portugal. Challenges to widespread adoption of wave energy include high costs, maintenance difficulties, and potential environmental impacts that require further research.

1. Wave Energy
Arunamaheswari C
Assistant Professor
KCG College of Technology

2. contents
• Introduction
• Advantage & disadvantage
• Types of systems
• Devices
• Situation of world
• Situation of Egypt
• Challenges
• References

3. How Waves Form ?

4. Wave
energy
• Waves are
generated by the
winds as it blows
across the sea
surface.
• Wave energy
is sometimes
confused with tidal
energy, which is
quite different.
•Waves travel far
distances across
oceans at great
speed.

5. History
 The first known patent to use energy from ocean waves dates back to 1799
and was filed in Paris by Girard and his son.
 An early application of wave power was a device constructed around 1910 .
 From 1855 to 1973 there were already 340 patents filed in the UK alone.
 A renewed interest in wave energy was motivated by the oil crisis in 1973.
 In the 1980s, a few first-generation prototypes were tested at sea.
 In 2008, the first experimental wave farm was opened in Portugal, Its
capacity is 2.25 MW.

6. Advantages
Clean.
Renewable and reliable.
No fuel costs.
Environment Friendly.
The energy is free.
Not expensive to operate and maintain.
Wave energy contains 1000 times the kinetic energy of wind.

7. Disadvantages
NOISY.
Weak performance in rough weather.
Needs a suitable site, where waves are consistently strong.
Maintenance and weather effect.
Effect on marine Ecosystem.
Suitable to certain locations.

8. Three basic types of system
Oscillating
water
column
Oscillating
wave surge
converter
Near
shore
Over
topping
device
Onshore Off shore
Point
absorber
Attenuator
(pelamis)

9. Attenuator
• Attenuator lies parallel to the sea level and
rides every wave.
• That device capture energy from the relative
motion of it’s arms.
• It’s basically floating device anchored to the
seabed.
• It’s also known as pelamis.

10. Point Absorber
• A point absorber is a floating structure which
absorbs energy from all motion direction.
• It converts the motion of the buoyant top
relative to the base to electrical power.
• It’s base is a dead weight positioned at the
seabed.
• Because of it’s small size , the wave
direction isn’t important .

11. Oscillating Water Column
• (OWC) is mainly a shoreline wave energy
device onto or near to rocks or cliffs.
• It consists of a partly submerged hollow
chamber fixed at the shoreline.
• The motion of the wave into the chamber is
converted to air pressure.
• This air is compressed and decompressed by
the motion of the wave every cycle.

12. Oscillating Wave Surge Conv.
• These devices typically have one end fixed
to the seabed and the other is free.
• Energy is collected from the relative motion
of the body compared to the fixed point.
• The arm oscillates as a pendulum and the
pistons compress sea water in flow line.
• The water passes the turbine then flow back
to the sea.

13. Overtopping Device
• Overtopping devices capture water as waves
break into a storage reservoir.
• Water is then returned to the sea passing
through low-head turbine generating power.
• An over topping device may use (collectors)
to concentrate the wave energy.
• it’s basically an electric turbine.

14. Overtopping Device

16. projects for wave energy worldwide in 2016
700
665
400
296
203 200
150
100
30 20 13
0
100
200
300
500
400
600
800
700
China South
Korea
Portugal Spain Sweden Norway Italy Belgium United
States
New
Zealand
Denmark
Installed Capacity in KW

17. Current Projects
LIMPET, Scotland
Nov. 2000, 500 kW capacity
First commercial device
connected to national grid
(OWC)
Portugal
Sep. 2008, 2.25 MW, $17 million.
Spring 2009, 25 more converters, 21 MW
total output, 15000 homes powered

18.  in September 2012, Carnegie unveiled the design for
a new CETO 5 unit used in the project.
 The new design incorporates significant
improvements over the previous generation CETO
units including CETO 3 and 4.
 The CETO 5 unit has a higher diameter of 11m
compared with the 7m diameter of the CETO 3 unit.
 It has a rated capacity of around 240kW which is
three times higher than that of CETO 3.
 Waiting for CETO 6 that is able to produce 1000 KW
Australia

19. Egypt
 Around 3000 kilometers of sea coasts may provide Egypt
with energy resource -Wave energy- that may be used for
electricity
 The main electricity generation resources in Egypt are
thermal power plants operated with petroleum fuel
and/or natural gas, and hydro-power plants located at
the river Nile
 86.8% of this amount have been generated from thermal
resources, while the remaining amount have been
produced from the hydro-power plants and the wind farm
in Zaafarana on the red sea coast

20. Challenges
• Some devices already been destroyed by the forces of tides and strong storms
• Accessibility, maintenance and repair can also be costly
• The typical efficiency of a wave energy device at the moment being only about 30 % .
• There is a potential impact on the marine environment.
• Noise pollution, for example, could have negative impact if not monitored, although the noise and visible
impact of each design varies greatly
• Wave farms can result in the displacement of commercial and recreational fishermen from productive
fishing grounds

21. The END