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- 1. Modules 1 L.H Language Hou Haku
- 3. China Anthem: "March of the Volunteers" ( 《义勇军进行曲》 (Pinyin: "Yìyǒngjūn Jìnxíngqǔ"))
- 4. China Mount Everest in Tibet. The South China Sea coast at Hainan. A map showing the topography of China. Longsheng Rice Terrace in Guangxi. The Li River in Guangxi . Longsheng Rice Terrace in Guangxi. The Li River in Guangxi .
Notas do Editor
- China( Chinese : ; pinyin : Zhōngguó/Zhōnghuá ; see also Names of China ), officially the People's Republic of China ( PRC ), is the most populous state in the world, with over 1.339 billion citizens . Located in East Asia , the country covers approximately 9.6 million square kilometres (3.7 million square miles). It is the world's second-largest country by land area , 12 and the third- or fourth-largest in total area , depending on the definition of total area
- The phonological structure of each syllable consists of a nucleus consisting of a vowel (which can be a monophthong, diphthong, or even a triphthong in certain varieties) with an optional onset or coda consonant as well as a tone. There are some instances where a vowel is not used as a nucleus. An example of this is in Cantonese, where the nasal sonorant consonants and can stand alone as their own syllable. Across all the spoken varieties, most syllables tend to be open syllables, meaning they have no coda, but syllables that do have codas are restricted to , , , , , , or . Some varieties allow most of these codas, whereas others, such as Mandarin, are limited to only two, namely and . Consonant clusters do not generally occur in either the onset or coda. The onset may be an affricate or a consonant followed by a semivowel, but these are not generally considered consonant clusters. The number of sounds in the different spoken dialects varies, but in general there has been a tendency to a reduction in sounds from Middle Chinese. The Mandarin dialects in particular have experienced a dramatic decrease in sounds and so have far more multisyllabic words than most other spoken varieties. The total number of syllables in some varieties is therefore only about a thousand, including tonal variation, which is only about an eighth as many as English.11 All varieties of spoken Chinese use tones. A few dialects of north China may have as few as three tones, while some dialects in south China have up to 6 or 10 tones, depending on how one counts. One exception from this is Shanghainese which has reduced the set of tones to a two-toned pitch accent system much like modern Japanese.