Abortion

4. FOSTER DEVELOPMENT HOMOEOPATHIC
MEDICAL COLLEGE, AURANGABAD
DEPARTMENT OF FORENSIC MEDICINE
AND TOXICOLOGY
GUIDED BY- DR. SUNITA WAGH
PRESENTED BY‐ VAISHNAVI RAJU HEMKE
SEMINAR ON
CRIMINAL
ABORTION

5. Criminal abortion

6. ‫ىل‬
‫ع‬
‫ةظفاحمال‬
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8. Medico legal meaning
▶Abortion means expulsion of products of conception
in the first trimester of pregnancy.
▶ Miscarriage means expulsion of product of
conception in second trimester.
▶ Premature delivery refers to expulsion of fetus after
7 months of pregnancy but before term.
Legally there is no difference between Abortion

10. 1/Use of abortifacient drugs
▶ Ecbolics: These drugs initiate uterine contraction and causes
abortion. Examples are;Ergot preparations Synthetic estrogen
▶ Emmenagogues: These drugs promote uterine congestion and
induce bleeding thus expelling product of conception
▶ Irritants: These are of following types Genitourinary tract
irritants - these agents produce inflammation of genitourinary
tract and reflexly irritate the uterus and induce uterine
contraction example .
▶ Gastrointestinal tract irritants these agents cause reflex
contraction of uterine muscles - example; croton oil etc.
▶ Systemic poisons - For example: arsenic, mercury, fruit of
papaya etc.
▶ Abortion pills .

11. 2/VIOLENCE
1/General violence - may act directly or indirectly on uterus.
▶ Severe form of exercise
▶ Application of blows or kicks over abdomen or pressure on abdomen
2/ By unskilled or semiskilled person.
 Rupture of membrane by abortion stick, metal rod, knitting needle, hair Pin etc.
 Application of abortion Paste
 Use of root of plant as Abortifacient agent
 Syringing: either for aspiration of fluid or forced filling of uterine cavity with fluid and
air.
3/By skilled Person
 Low rupture of membrane
 Vacuum aspiration
 Dilatation and evacuation
 Use of Prostaglandins

15. Precautions to be taken before
performing an abortion:
▶ Obtaining the written consent of the pregnant women and
husband .
▶ Obtaining a medical report from two specialist doctors stating
that the continuation of the pregnancy may lead to death.
▶ The operation must be performed by a specialist
▶ The operation takes place inside a specialized hospital for
obstetrics and gynecology.
▶ Abortion is recorded in a special record form with a serial
number containing all the papers of the mother who will have
the abortion.

16. Signs of abortion
▶ The signs of a recent miscarriage are similar to the labor marks
▶ Written consent must be obtained from the woman before taking
a personal history or conducting an examination.
▶ The doctor should ask about the following personal history:
 Name of the woman
 Marital status - Marriage date
 Number of previous pregnancies
 Number of births
 Number of previous abortions
 Living and deceased children
 Reason for current abortion

17. Physical examination
▶ Vital sings
▶ Examination of the breasts and abdomen to check for signs
of pregnancy.
▶ Examination of the external genitalia and noticing the
discharge of vaginal secretions, their type, and the
condition of the perineum (the area between the genital
tract and the anus).
▶ Examination of the cervix and note the type of secretions
▶ Abdominal examination of the uterus

18. Killing of the newborn

19. ▶ killing of a crime punishable by law, like all other
crimes of murder, whether to kill him by mother,
or anyone else.
▶ A child is considered a newborn until falling of
umbilicus

20. Forensic medical signs that indicate the child
was born alive
1/First: Uncertain signs: a person who attended the birth
indicated that the child was cry , sneezed, or moved his limbs or
eyes
2/Second: sure signs:
 Changes in the umbilical cord: cut with a sharp tool so that
the edges of the cut are uniform
 Redness of the base of the umbilical cord attached to the
abdomen occurs within 24-36 hours

21. Forensic medical signs that indicate the
child was born alive
▶ Ulceration and separation of the base of the umbilical
cord within 5-8 days.
▶There is a scar in the middle of the abdomen after the
umbilical cord has fallen off.
3/skin changes: The skin is red and pink, smooth to the
touch and covered with a smooth greasy layer. This layer
begins to peel off after two days and peels off completely
after a week.
4/Signs of a newborn's breathing:
The lungs fill the rib cage and are dull red. Lung floatation
test

22. 5/Stomach and bowel signs:
 Presence of coagulated milk inside the stomach
 Yellow stools are formed in the intestines of the newborn, and
the intestines are free of meconium.
 6/Wounds and injuries: The presence of wounds with signs
healing or suppuration.

23. Causes of newborn death
▶ Asphyxia
▶ Strangulation with a ligature and usually umbilical
cord is used.
▶ Traumatic injuries to the head.
▶ neglect and abandonment.
▶ Bleeding from the umbilical cord