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2. 1.1 Why Study Psychology?
Psychology provides tools to help us
gain insight into our own behavior,
as well as our relationships with
others.
Definition of Psychology:
the scientific study of behavior and
mental processes.
2

3. Psychological Needs are things
like love, comfort, security
Physiological Needs are physical
Needs are things you have to have
like food, water, sleep.
3

4. 1. Description: the kid at the candy
aisle is having a melt down.
2. Explanation:he wants the pretty
candy
3. Prediction:He will get the candy
4. Influence:
 Wal-Mart knows that moms have already lost
patience with their kids by the time they get to the
checkout line so they put the candy there to get the
kids to wear mom down to buy the candy.
4

5. Learning about psychology can help
you gain…
– a better understanding
of your own behavior.
– knowledge about how
psychologists study
human and animal
behavior.
– practical applications
for enriching your life.
Example: The child throws a fit
every time he goes to Wal-Mart
and his mom says no by the
candy aisle.
fotosearch.com
5

6. moisiadis.com
6
http://lewweb.net/science/images/SMflowchart.jpeg

7.  By accumulating knowledge we are able to predict what people or
animals will do or think in certain situations and predict future
behaviors. 7

8.  Scientist seek to influence behavior in helpful ways.
8
knychfamily.blogspot.com
Chains like Wal-mart have done these scientific observations and
place candy as you check out because when your kid is screaming
sometimes it is easier to just buy the candy bar.

9. Basic Science:
Research Ex. Research on drug
effects on the brain.
Applied Science:
putting that research to use for a
purpose Example: Using research
on how drugs effect the brain to
come up with a new antidepressant
to help people suffering from
depression.
9
There are two types of
science that influences
psychology.

10. 10

11. The scientific method is used to reduce errors and
biases.
A theory is a proposed explanation. In Psychology
we will be studying different theories.
Hypothesis is an educated guess. Relationship
between variables
11

12.  Greek for “False Science” Examples:
Horoscopes, Astrology, Phrenology
12
scienceandsociety.emory.edu
24medialabs.com

13. 13
Aristotle and Plato (384-322
BCE.)
Started asking how the mind
and the body were related??
Were the separate or related??
Are ideas inborn or is the mind a
blank slate filled by experience?
en.wikipedia.org

14. 14
plato.stanford.edu http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BaKLrqxC70c

15. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lEr8hnvzeHU
15
Dualism: the concept of the mind and body are
separate and distinct.

16.  Charles Darwin (1809-1882)
 Theory of natural selection (1859)
 Darwin’s theory encouraged scientific inquiry
 Very controversial
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17. 17
John Locke
One of his major contributions was to the field of psychology
and he is often called the “Father of English Psychology.”
In the essay, Locke proposes that we are all born with certain knowledge
and principles that helps us to become part of society. The theory known
as Tabula Rasa meaning white sheets helps explain development. He
states that it is through experience, of the world around us, this is how one
forms ideas. He further states that human knowledge is gathered in 2
distinct ways through sensation and reflection.

18. Okay Psychology is going to go through a
transition. It actually goes through several
transitions to brace for the ride. (Epcot)
18

19. 3 Things you need to remember about your daddy:
1. Wilhelm Wundt opened the first psychology laboratory in Germany.
2. Changed psychology from a philosophy to a science.
3. Studied introspection. Introspection means looking within yourself. How
do you feel about this or that. How does that rose make you feel? 19

20. William James
(1842-1910)
Broke down consciousness to basic
thoughts.
Introspection - self-observation
of one’s own conscious experiences
Investigate the function, or purpose
of consciousness rather than its
structure
Leaned toward applied work
(natural surroundings) Environment
Structuralism vs.
Functionalism
Wilhelm Wundt
20

21. 21

22. 22
Phrenology
led scientists to study
the bumps on the head
to determine human
behavior Phrenology
is considered a
pseudoscience (False
Science)
sparkmuseum.com

23. alexbinetti.wordpress.com
23
Max
Wertheimer
(1880-1943)
“The whole is different than
the sum of its parts.”

24. This is bcuseae the huammn
mnid deos not raed ervey
lteter by istlef, but the word
as a wlohe. Amzanig, huh?

25. 25

26.  Psychology’s Perspectives
 A lot depends on your viewpoint
26
You have 7 to remember:
1.Psychoanalysis
2.Cognitive
3.Behavioral
4.Biological
5.Socio-cultural
6.Humanistic
7.evolutionary

27.  Focuses on Darwinism.
 We behave the way we
do because we inherited
those behaviors.
 Thus, those behaviors
must have helped ensure
our ancestors survival.
How could this behavior ensured
Homer’s ancestors survival?

28.  Also called Psychoanalytic.
 Study of unconscious motives and conflicts that
determine behavior.
 Unconscious are motives that you are not aware of. For
instance if someone with brown hair rejects you, then you
might not talk to people with that color hair.
 Conscious are motives that you are aware of.
28

29.  Study of unconscious motives and conflicts that
determine behavior.
 Freud used the technique called free association He
would say a word and you would say the first word that
popped in your head and he would then analysis what is
going on in your unconscious. 29
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Zz80yYvnWg4

30. sciencedaily.com 30
Cognitive Psychologists return
to the study of learning,
memory, perception, language,
development & problem
solving Example: Is your boyfriend
dumping you traumatic or do you just think it is
therefore you are depressed? Or..your ability to
do math compared to a 5 year old. You can
understand abstract thinking that goes along
with statistics.
Cognition is the mental processes
involved in acquiring, processing,
storing & using information
child-development-guide.com

31. 31

32.  Worked in France
administering Binet’s IQ
test.
 Children do not think like
adults. Why?
 Created 4 stages of
cognitive ability that
accurately explain the
behavior of children.
 Influenced teachers and
school system.
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33. 33
Focus
How the body and brain create
emotions, memories,
and sensory experiences.
Sample Issues
• Depression and antidepressants. Problems with
thyroids.
• How are messages transmitted within the body?
• How is blood chemistry linked with moods and
motives?

34. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P4Rb9n_sQDg&feature=related 34
Scientific Psychology
should focus on
observable behavior.
John Watson
(1878-1958)
Ivan Pavlov
B.F. Skinner

35. 35
Focus
How behavior and thinking vary
across situations
and cultures.
Sample Issues
• How are we, as members of different races and
nationalities, alike as members of one human family?
• How do we differ, as products of different social contexts?
• Why do people sometimes act differently in groups than
when alone?

36.  Youhave thepotential to be
great.
 Self Actualization.
 Feel Goodapproach.
 ClientCentered Therapy
 Hierarchy of needs.
36
Carl Rogers believed in “client centered therapy”
Abraham Maslow came up with the Hierarchy of needs

37. 37
Psychologist is someone who is trained to
observe and influence behavior in people.
Psychiatrist is a medical doctor that can
prescribe medicine.

38. 38
Universities &
Colleges
27.2%
Elementary/
Secondary
Schools
4.2%
Hospitals,
Counseling,
Clinics, etc.
22.3%
Business,
Government or
Consulting
12.1%
Independent
Practice
33.1%

39. Nature Versus Nurture
Stability Versus Change
Continuity Versus
Discontinuity

40.  #1. Go to:
 http://collegesearch.collegeboard.com/apcreditpolic
y/index.jsp
 Find your college and print out on an 8 ½ by 11 sheet
the following:
 Your college you would like to attend
 The AP score you need to get credit
 How much a class cost at the college you would like to attend
 How much an AP test is
 Put this information in the front of the 3 ring binder you bring to
school when we meet again.
 #2. Read chapter 1, begin making your note
cards, finish up your mind map