2. 2
Macrophages Aggressive (pro-inflammatory)
M1
Stable (anti-inflammatory) M2
(CD63 + CD204 +)
Lymphocyte Cells Line (levels) Stem Cell Lymphoid stem cell Prelymphocytes
(lymphoblasts)
Lymphocytes (CD3 +)
Prelymphocytes (branches) γδТ- (CD56+) Pre T-lymphocytes Pre B-lymphocytes NKT- (CD16+/СD56+CD3+)
NK (CD16/CD56+CD3-)
Lymphocytes О- Lymphocytes (NKT, δγТ) Т- Lymphocytes (CD3+) В- Lymphocytes (CD20+) D- Lymphocytes (double)
Т- Lymphocytes Ripening naive mature
mature Т- Lymphocytes Memory cells (CD3 + CD8αα +)
`
Effectors (Helpers) (CD3 + CD4
+)
Cytotoxic (killers) (CD3 + CD8
+)
Regulators (suppressors and
amplifiers) (CD3 + CD4 +
reg)
-effectors Inductors of T-suppressors T-helpers1 Inductors of T-helpers T-helpers2
Т-Regulators T-Suppressors
TT suppressors;
T-B suppressors
T-counter suppressors
T-helpers T-0 naive No0
T-17 activators of autoimmune
processes
T-1 activators of cellular
immunity
T-2 activators of humoral
immunity
Т-30
Т-22 Ne ∞
T-1 activators of cellular
immunity
T-2 activators of humoral
immunity
T-17 activators of
autoimmune processes
B lymphocytes Memory Plasma cells (CD20 +) B-suppressors B-effectors (CD19 +)
В- Memory В- Helpers (increase the effect
of TD lymphocytes and T-
suppressors)
В-killers В- suppressors
Plasma cells Synthesizing IgM Synthesizing other Ig
Humoral immunity
Humoral immunity Nonspecific Specific
Nonspecific Antimicrobial Peptides Acute Phase Proteins Complement Cytokines
Complement Regulatory proteins Alternative C3, C5, C6-C9
(without antibodies)
Classic C1, C2, C4 (Ig M, IgG) Lectin
Cascade of complement Beginning of the cascade Combining activation pathways
(reacting C3)
Formation of a membrane-
attacking complex
Cytokines CSF Small cytokines Interferons Interleukins (He) and TNF
(Ho)
CSF Thrombopoietin G- CSF M- CSF GM- CSF
3. 3
Small cytokines Perforins and granzymes Chemokines: inflammatory
(He), homeostatic (Ho)
Interferons (functionally) α (He) β (Ho) ω (Ne) λ γ
Interleukins WBC growth factors Pro-inflammatory (IL 1,2,6,8) Anti-inflammatory (IL 4,10) Regulatory
Regulatory Cellular (IL 1, 2, 12, 10) Humoral (IL -4, 5, 6, 10, 13)
Cytokines regulators of cellular antigen-
specific immune response (IL-
1, IL-2, IL-12, IL-10, IFNγ, TGFβ)
regulators of humoral antigen-
specific immune response (IL-
4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-10, IL-13, IFNγ,
TGFβ)
inflammatory response
regulators
inflammatory response
regulators
pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-
1, IL-6, IL-8, TNFα, IFNγ)
anti-inflammatory (TGFβ, IL-10,
IL-4, IL-13)
Specific humoral factors (in
order of reaction)
I
Ig
gE
E I
Ig
gM
M I
Ig
gG
G I
Ig
gA
A
(Structure ) I
Ig
g E
E I
Ig
gD
D I
Ig
gG
G I
Ig
gM
M I
Ig
g A
A
(Function ) I
Ig
gG
G (
(I
Ig
gD
D –
– N
Nо
о0
0
)
) I
Ig
g E
E I
Ig
g A
A I
Ig
gM
M
I
Ig
gD
D I
Ig
g E
E I
Ig
gM
M I
Ig
g A
A I
Ig
gG
G
Adaptive immunity
Active Passive
Cellular Humoral
Thymus Cell System HLA Complex System TCR somatic
rearrangement mechanism
Cell system (1) Memory cells Accessory cells Effector cells Regulatory cells
Accessory cells Local cells Red blood cells Endotheliocytes
Effector cells (1) Antigen-presenting cells (APC) Antigen recognizing (ARC)
Antigen-presenting cells
(APC)
Accessory cells Dendritic cells Macrophages B- lymphocytes
Accessory cells of APC Platelets Basophils Eosinophils Mast cells
Antigen recognizing (ARC) CD4+ T- lymphocytes СD8+ T- lymphocytes B- lymphocytes
Regulatory cells Natural T-Regulators T-reg Induced T-Regulators Th3, or
Treg1
Macrophages
Cell system (2) Memory cells (T- & B-) Antigen-presenting cells (APC) Effector cells Regulatory cells
Antigen-presenting cells
(APC)
Accessory cells Dendritic cells macrophages B- lymphocytes
Effector cells (2) CTL (CD8 +;Т-killers ) (CD4+)
Th1 - He, Th2 - Ho, Th17 - Ne
B- lymphocytes (CD19+) Plasma cells
(CD20+)
Regulatory cells Natural T-Regulators T-reg Induced T-Regulators Th3, or Macrophages
4. 4
Treg1
Plasma cells Synthesizing IgM Synthesizing Other Ig
Humoral complement system Cytokines Antibodies
Antibodies I
Ig
gD
D I
Ig
gM
M I
Ig
g E
E I
Ig
g A
A I
Ig
gG
G
I
Im
mm
mu
un
ne
e o
or
rg
ga
an
ns
s
P
Pe
er
ri
ip
ph
he
er
ra
al
l C
Ce
en
nt
tr
ra
al
l
(
(s
se
eq
qu
ue
en
nc
ce
e)
) R
Re
ed
d b
bo
on
ne
e m
ma
ar
rr
ro
ow
w T
Th
hy
ym
mu
us
s -
- H
He
e;
; s
sp
pl
le
ee
en
n (
(c
co
or
rt
te
ex
x)
) -
-
H
Ho
o
L
Ly
ym
mp
ph
ha
at
ti
ic
c v
ve
es
ss
se
el
ls
s -
- H
He
e a
an
nd
d
l
ly
ym
mp
ph
ho
oi
id
d f
fo
or
rm
ma
at
ti
io
on
ns
s -
- H
Ho
o
lymphoid formations Specific lymphoid inclusions Lymphoid accumulations of
the nasopharynx
Lymph nodes Spleen (pulp)
Lymphoid accumulations of
the nasopharynx;
lymphoid granules and lateral
lymphoid ridges; pharyngeal
tonsil;
tube tonsils, palatine tonsils; lingual tonsil
Lymph nodes Stroma Dendritic cells T-lymphocytes B-lymphocytes
