(occurrence )
worldwide both in endemic and epidemic forms
many people have one to six cold per year .
Greater incidence in the highlands . incidences is high in children under 5 years and gradually declines with increased age
reservoir :- Human
incubation period:- between 12hours and 5 days , usually 48 hours , varying with the ag.
period communicability 24hours befor onset and for 5days after onset
2. common cold (Acute viral Rhinitis
or Coryza
Definition :-
an acut catarral infection of the upper
respiratory tract
infection agent
Rinoviruses (100serotypes) are the major causes
in adults .
parainfluenza viruses , respiratory syncytial
viruses
(RSV) influenza
3. Epidemiology :-
(occurrence )
worldwide both in endemic and epidemic forms
many people have one to six cold per year .
Greater incidence in the highlands . incidences is
high in children under 5 years and gradually
declines with increased age
reservoir :- Human
incubation period:- between 12hours and 5 days
, usually 48 hours , varying with the ag.
period communicability 24hours befor onset
4. mode of transmission :-
by- direct contact or inhalation of airborne
droplet .
- indirectly by hands and article s freshly soiled
by discharges of nose and throat of an 8nfected
person
susceptibility and resistance :- susceptibility is
universal . repeated infections (attacks)are most
likly due to multiplicity of agent
clinical manifestations :-
- Coryza , sneezing , lacrimation ,pharyngeal or
nasal irritation , chills , malaise
5. Diagnosis :-
Based on clinical grounds
treatment :-
1- no effective treatment but supportive
measures like :-
- bed rest
- steam inhalation
- high fluid intake anti pain
- balanced diet intake
6. prevention and control
prevention and control
1- Education the public about the importance of
:-
- Handwashing
- covering the mouth when coughing and
sneezing
- sanitary disposal of nasal and oral discharges
2- Avoid crowding in living and sleeping quarters
especially in institution .
7. influenza
Definition :-
an acute viral disease of the respiratory tract
infection agent:-
three types of influenza virus (A,B and C)
epidemiology
occurrence :- in pandemic and epidemics and
localized outbreaks .
Reservoir:- Human are the primary reservoirs for
Human infection
8. Mode of transmission :-
Airborne spread predominates among crowded
population in closed places such as school
buses.
Period of communicability :- 3-5 days from
clinical onset in adults up to 7 days 8n young
children .
susceptibility and resistance :-
when a new sub type appears . all children and
adults are equally susceptible .
9. clinical manifestations
:
-
-fever head ache mayalgia prostration sore
throat and cough .
- cough is often severe and protracted but other
manifestations are self-limited with recovery in
2- 7 days
Diagnoses:-
Based on clinical ground
Treatment :-
- same as common cold ,namely :-
- Anti- pain and antipyretic - High fluid intake -
10. prevention and control :-
1-education of the public in basic personal
hygiene , especially the danger of unprotected
cough and sneezes and hand to mucus
membrane transmission .
2- immunization with availabile killed virus
vaccines provide 70-80% protection .
3- Amantadize hydrchloride is effective in the
chemprophylaxos of type A virus but not other
