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引誘科學
作者:班.帕爾(Ben Parr)
譯者:閻蕙群
不用大聲叫賣,也能脫穎而出
班。帕爾
Ben Parr
曾獲得《富比世》雜誌評選為『30
為30歲以下的創業家』之一,他的
作品散見於各大媒體。而創立的
DominateFund長期投資有潛力的新
創事業,並提供如何吸引注意、品
牌建立、媒體公關、行銷宣傳的專
業協助,以幫助新創企業得以快速
成長。
推薦人-盧建彰 Kurt
廣告導演、詩人、小說家、作家、
跑者,柯P競選廣告【聽孩子的話】、
小英廣告【願你平安】、【台灣隊
加油】等耳熟能詳的廣告背後推手。
16年的廣告人,曾是GUNN
REPORT廣告創意積分台灣第一名。
「如果可以,我想阻止這本書出版」
推薦人-洪岳農 Miula
是台灣企業家、Youtuber、網路文
學平台「英雄故事」的創辦人,並
經營以推廣商業知識為主題的
YouTube頻道「M觀點」。
「引誘科學,是行銷人必備的關鍵
指南。」
推薦人-許景泰 Jerry
台灣500大企業指名的網路導師。成
功經營5家企業。提供二大平台服務:
一是企業人才培訓,與數百位企業
講師合作 ; 二是網紅經紀平台,與
數千位網紅合作。
「想贏得先機,注意力經濟你非懂
不可。」
如何吸引注意力
How to catch Attention.
三種注意力
T h r e e K i n d o f A t t e n t i o n s
即時注意力
Immediate
短期注意力
Short
長期注意力
Long
即時注意力
Immediate Attention
靠潛在威脅與新奇刺激來抓住
注意力。
即時注意力是由上而下的過程。
注意力自動被外來的刺激(非
我們的意識)所驅動。
如:聲響、顏色、氣味等五感
即時注意力
Immediate Attention
除了五感的刺激之外,也要結
合心理與情緒印象,以及直覺
反應的幫忙。
像是【注意】的交通號誌一般
都會結合紅色的元素在內。
短期注意力
Short Attention
當我們想要專注於某件新鮮或
新奇的事物的時候,就會啟動
短期注意。
而短期注意也能夠幫助我們了
解環境與狀況。但是短期注意
也僅僅能維持到下一件分心事
務出現時。
短期注意力
Short Attention
要讓短期注意力轉換成長期記
憶,需要了解一個專有名詞:
中樞執行系統(Central Executive)
而中樞執行系統決定兩件事情:
1. 注意力的聚焦點在哪
2. 那些短期記憶要轉換成長期
記憶
中樞執行系統
三 個 隸 屬 系 統
3
Systems
聽覺
Listen
視覺
Vision
事件
緩衝
Episodic
Buffer
聽覺 視覺 事件
聽覺的短期記憶
強化又稱『語音
迴路』。需要在
腦中不斷覆述直
到記住。
視覺的短期記憶
以特徵為主,因
此強化上需要強
調特徵與去除不
相關事物。
統合聽覺與視覺
以及過往經驗,
然後串聯成對於
自身有意義的故
事。
長期注意力
Long Attention
熟悉是關鍵,把興趣變成習慣。
美國歌手碧昂絲的第五張專輯
在沒有前置宣傳下,一上市就
在三小時內賣出八萬張,一天
內銷售達四十三萬張。而成功
關鍵來自於長期與樂迷培養的
關係。
其實我們日常處理熟悉事物的
注意力,其實來自於長期記憶。
也因此熟悉這件事情是長期注
意的關鍵,我們會將熟悉的活
動與想法建立捷徑,之後這些
事情就會變成如本能一般的存
在。
長期注意力
Long Attention
『現代電玩之父』宮本茂分享
打造瑪利歐兄弟的歷程。
瞬間注意-突出的造型
短期注意-新奇好玩的玩法、
快速可拿到的獎勵
長期注意-熟悉的人物與角
色及玩法
案例:瑪利歐兄弟
Case Study
操控注意力的七大誘因
7 Ways to catch Attention
自動誘因(Automaticity Trigger )
框架誘因(Framing Trigger )
顛覆誘因(Disruption Trigger )
獎勵誘因(Reward Trigger)
信譽誘因(Reputation Trigger)
懸念誘因(Mystery Trigger)
肯定誘因(Acknowledgment Trigger)
自動誘因Automaticity
Trigger
顏色、氣味、聲音…五感的感
官線索,人類非常依賴腦中天
生的感官提示線索來引導我們
的注意力。
而五感當中當以視覺、聽覺、
觸覺最能抓住即時注意力。
自動誘因Automaticity
Trigger
我們較為容易記住單一以及獨
特的感官提示,這就是所謂的
【萊斯多夫效應】
相較於穿著其他顏色上衣的女
性,穿著紅色上衣的女性搭便
車成功率更高出一倍。
框架誘因
Framing Trigger
改變想法慣性,迫使人們跳脫
原有框架。
經驗、興趣、文化、看法都只
是參考架構,而這些參考架構
就是幫助我們日常生活不需要
每件事情都重頭學習的原因。
框架誘因
Framing Trigger
框架誘因的作用就是【改變訊
息的呈現方式】。試想【加強
槍枝管制】跟【增加槍枝安全】
明明是同一件事情,對於選民
而言感受則會截然不同。
顛覆誘因
Disruption Trigger
打破常規其實就是改變現況,
日常生活當中其實許多吸引你
注意力的事物背後的運作邏輯
都是在打破你對日常事物的看
法常規。
顛覆誘因有三個必備要素:驚
奇、簡單、突出。
顛覆誘因
Disruption Trigger
驚奇的操作有時候對人的衝擊
會出現正反兩極化的效果。
簡單的事物將訊息的承載降到
最低,所以容易被記憶。
突出事物才有機會抓住人的前
十五秒注意力。
獎勵誘因
Reward Trigger
任何的生物都有達成目標以及
尋求獎勵的本能,而大腦則會
將這種滿足感跟某些行為連結,
創造出【想要又喜歡】的機制。
而獎勵誘因又分為:【外源性】
以及【內源性】的獎勵誘因機
制。
獎勵誘因
Reward Trigger
【外源性】:金錢、食物、獎
盃等外在的具體獎勵。
【內源性】:成就感、滿足感、
虛榮心的非具體事物。
信譽誘因
Reputation Trigger
信譽,是我們對於某個人、某
個組織或某個想法的整體評價。
而且是最有用且最有威力的捷
徑。
舉例:流行金曲排行榜的前幾
名往往銷售數會急速攀升,那
怕歌手是默默無名的人。
信譽誘因
Reputation Trigger
但是除了專家、權威人士之外,
從眾的力量更為驚人,這是因
為群眾比專家或權威人士更容
易被左右。
打造信譽的基本:持續耕耘、
展現個性以及時間的累積。
懸念誘因
Mystery Trigger
成功懸念的四個要素:懸而未
決、情感投入、劇情逆轉、結
局未卜。
懸念誘因建立在人類對於【完
成】一件事情的強迫症。
懸念誘因
Mystery Trigger
情感的投入會讓事件持續發酵
也持續被關注。而劇情逆轉會
讓人熱血沸騰,但是結局未卜
會讓人感受到意猶未盡。
危機處理的關鍵在-收尾行動。
肯定誘因
Acknowledgment Trigger
我們需要被人認識、賞識以及
被人以同理心對待。當我們與
某個人或某樣產品或某個想法
產生連結之後,想要滿足前述
三種需求的慾望就會變得更加
強烈。
而前面三種需求獲得滿足,則
是建立信任的基礎。
肯定誘因
Acknowledgment Trigger
【把別人認為不可能的事物做
大規模】 -范納洽
當你把每個粉絲或者消費者做
出區別對待以及克制化對待,
消費者就會把你牢記在心。
思考與反思
Q1
再延長注意力上,除了商業的
對消費者以外,日常生活你覺
得是否可以運用?
Q2
你覺得哪一種誘因有可能在真
實世界是很難執行的?為什麼?
歡 迎 與 我 聯 繫
如 有 演 講 、 分 享 需 要 歡 迎 與 我 聯 絡 。
E-mail:
asianeagles@gmail.com
Facebook社團:
搜尋【行銷文案練習工作坊】
Line ID:
arthurchen7019

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引誘科學書摘-不需要叫嚷也能脫穎而出