2. A World of
Regions
At the end of this lesson, you should be able to:
1. differentiate between regionalization and
globalization;
2. identify the factors leading to a greater
integration of the Asian region;
3. explain how regions are formed and kept
together; and
4. discuss the advantages and disadvantages of
regionalism
3. World's Most Underrated Region
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H85GRMZUwPs
Mechanics:
Watch this video about the World’s Most Underrated
Region
Why is it described as the most underrated region?
Explain your answer.
You are given a minute presentation of your output.
4. Regions
Regions are “a group of countries located in
the same geographically specified are.”
They are “an amalgamation of two regions or
combination of more than two regions”
organized to regulate and oversee flows and
policy choices.
5. What is the difference between
regionalism and regionalization?
Regionalization refers to the regional concentration
of economic flows.
Regionalism is a political process characterized by
economic policy cooperation and coordination
among countries.
6. Regionalism
Regionalism
It is often seen as a political and
economic phenomenon.
It can be examined in relation to
identities, ethics, religion, ecological
sustainability and health.
It is also a process, and must be treated
as an “emergent, socially constituted
phenomenon.”
It means regions are not natural or
given; rather, they are constructed and
defined by policymakers, economic
actors, and even social movements.
7. How do countries in the region
respond economically and
politically to globalization?
8. How do
countries in the
region respond
economically
and politically
to
globalization?
China offers its cheap and huge workforce to attract
foreign businesses and expand trade with countries it
once considered its enemies but now sees as markets for
its goods (e.g., the Us and Japan)
Singapore and Switzerland developed their countries into
financial and banking hubs.
Singapore developed its harbor facilities and made them a
first class transit port for ships carrying different
commodities from Africa, Europe, Middle East, and
mainland Southeast Asia to countries in the Asia-Pacific.
10. It is a way of coping with the
challenges of globalization.
Globalization has made people
aware of the world in general; it
has also made Filipinos more
cognizant of specific areas such as
Southeast Asia.
11. Why do
countries form
regional
organizations?
1. Military defense
North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)
was founded by the Western European
countries and United States of America
during the Cold War to protect Europe
against the Soviet Union.
While, the Soviet Union created a regional
alliance known as Warsaw Pact alliance
composed of Eastern European countries
under Soviet domination.
The Soviet Union imploded in 1991, but
NATO remains in place.
12. Why do
countries form
regional
organizations?
2. To pool their resources, get better returns for their
exports as well as expand their leverage against
trading partners.
The organization of the Petroleum Exporting
Countries (OPEC) was founded in 1960 by Iran, Iraq,
Kuwait, Saudi Arabia and Venezuela to regulate the
production and sale of oil.
The OPEC power was felt in 1970s when the
production and price of oil was controlled by the said
organization.
OPEC’s success convinced nine other oil-producing
countries to join it.
13. Why do
countries form
regional
organizations?
3. To protect their independence from the
pressure of the super politics.
The Non-Align Movement was founded in
1961 by the presidents of Egypt, Ghana, India,
Indonesia and Yugoslavia to establish world
peace, international cooperation, human
rights, national sovereignty, racial and
national equality, non-intervention and
peaceful conflict resolution.
At its peak, the NAM had 120 members.
14. Why do
countries form
regional
organizations?
4. Economic crisis compels countries to come
together.
The Thai economic crisis made the ASEAN
countries along with China, Japan and South Korea
more unified and coordinated in saving the
economy of Thailand that collapsed in 1996.
The crisis made ASEAN more “unified and
coordinated.”
15. Non-State Regionalism
Although state regionalism is very popular in advancing
regional economic and political stability, non state
regionalism nowadays are also gaining its presence in
addressing the common problems confronted by the region in
term of economic, politics, health, culture, environment and
ect.
Claudio and Abinales identified some forms and examples of
Non State Regionalism;
16. Non-State
Regionalism
1. Non State regionalism varies in forms.
First, There are tiny associations that focus on
a single issue or huge intercontinental unions
that address a multitude of common
problems.
Second, organizations representing the non
state regionalism rely on the power of
individuals, NGOs, Non-Government
Organizations and other associations.
Third, non-state regionalism is identified with
reformists who shared the values.
17. Non-State
Regionalism
2. Non State regionalism has different
strategies and tactics.
Some organizations partner with
governments to social change. For
examples, Citizen Diplomacy Forum (CDF)
tries to influence the policies and
programs of the organizations of
American States.
Asian Parliamentarian for Human Rights is pushing
to prevent discrimination, uphold political freedom,
promote democracy and human rights through out
the region.
18. Non-State
Regionalism
3. Regional organizations dedicate
themselves to specialized causes.
Examples:
1. Rain forest Foundation was established to
protect the indigenous people and the forest
in Brazil, Guyana, Panama and Peru.
2. Regional Interfaith Youth Networks was
formed to promote conflict prevention,
resolution, peace education and sustainable
development.
3. Migrant Forum in Asia is committed to
protect and promote the rights and welfare
of migrant workers.
19. Non-State
Regionalism
4. Non state regionalism differs from state
regionalism in identifying social problems.
For instance, states treat poverty or
environmental degradation as technical or
economic issues that can be resolved by
refining the existing programs of the state
agencies, making minor changes in
economic policies and creating offices that
address these issues. While non state
regionalism advocated these issues as
reflections of flawed development and
environmental models.
20. Contemporary Challenges to Regionalism
1. Regionalism faces multiple challenges, the most serious of
which is the resurgence of militant nationalism and populism.
2. ASEAN members continue to disagree over the extent to
which member countries should sacrifice their sovereignty for
the sake of regional stability.
3. A final challenge pertains to differing visions of what
regionalism should be for.
21. Contemporary Challenges to Regionalism
4. Western governments may see regional organizations not
simply as economic formations but also as instruments of
political democratization.
5. Singapore, China, and Russia see democracy as an obstacle
to the implementation and deepening of economic
globalization because constant public inquiry about economic
projects and lengthy debate slow down implementation or
lead to unclear outcomes.
