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TYPES OF ROAD USERS IN INDIA
Road users
in India
Animals &
Animal Carts*
Slow moving
animals -
Cow, Buffalo,
Nilgai etc.
Pet Animals
(Dogs, Cats
etc.)
Pedestrian Vehicles
Major
vehicles (
Bus, Lorry
Etc)
•Roughly handled
• Poorly
maintained
Bicycle
*They are not visible at night.
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• Over Speeding
• Drunken Driving
• Distractions & Fatigue to Driver
• Red Light (Signal) Jumping
• Avoiding Safety Gears like Seat belts and Helmets.
• Non-Adherence to lane driving and overtaking in a wrong manner.
• Talking and Texting on phone
•“ACCIDENTS DO NOT HAPPEN, THEY ARE CAUSED”.
Main Causes of Accident
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How to Avoid Accidents
• Keep Speed in Limit
• Do not drive under influence of Alcohol or Drugs
• Do not driver under Fatigue and avoid distraction while driving
• Obey the road safety signage and signals
• Do not avoid safety gears – Use Helmet, Seat belt, Mandatory PPE’s and Job
specific PPE’s
• Be in lane and do not overtake from wrong side
• Avoid mobile talking, texting while drive
• Avoid Joy walking on the road, use pedestrian pathway
• Do not take wrong turn
• Boarding and de-boarding on or from moving bus
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Key 1 –Aim high in steering : Keep your vision high, be in proper lane, to see far enough
into the distance to identify potential risks, try looking 20-30 seconds around the road.
Key 2 –Get the big picture : Look for Hazards to being able to react and prevent collisions,
Try looking 12-20 seconds entire the road, keep watching on near by signage and
concentrate on the job of driving.
Key 3 –Keep your eyes moving : Look near, look far, check your inside mirror, left side
mirror, right side mirror etc., Keep your eyes moving in every 5-8 seconds to avoid fatigue.
Key 4 –Leave yourself an out : Try to keep space on all side for your vehicle, maintain
speed when visibility is reduced, Creating a good following distance.
Key 5 –Make sure they see you : Communicate to other road users like horn, indicators,
hand signals, soft brake etc. to eliminate confusion, get eye contact, keep headlights ON.
The Smith System of 5 keys to Defensive
Driving
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1. Knowledge :Good defensive drivers will have knowledge of the traffic laws and the
basics about their vehicle, such as how the brake system operates and how to read
gauges and lights on the dash.
2. Alertness :Good defensive drivers are alert to what is going on around them. They are
well rested and would never take any drugs or alcohol that could affect their concentration
before riding a vehicle.
3. Anticipation :Defensive drivers anticipate what may or may not happen, and they take
action to avoid many problems. They anticipate potential hazards from other motorists,
pedestrians, weather and equipment and take steps to minimize the risk.
4. Judgement :Good defensive drivers do not make risky manoeuvres like trying to beat
red lights. They don’t try to pass unless it’s safe and they look for alternatives to any
traffic situation.
5. Skill :Good defensive drivers have the technical skills to operate the vehicle safely
through traffic without endangering anyone else on the road. They can handle the vehicle
even in hazardous conditions.
The Five Characteristics of Defensive Driving
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Speed Limits on Road
Specification LMV HMV
Four Lane with median 80 Kph 65 Kph
Highway without median 65 Kph 50 Kph
Near Village 30 Kph 30 Kph
Inside the Plant Premises &
on road
40 Kph 20 Kph
Above and all, RTO defined speed limit should be followed on Roads.
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Road Safety Signage and Signal
Mandatory
Sign
Informatro
y Sign
Cautionary
Sign
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MANDATORY PERSONAL
PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENTS
(PPE‘S)
SITE SPECIFIC PERSONAL
PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENTS
(PPE's)
EMERGENCY
PERSONAL
PROTECTIVE
EQUIPMENTS (PPE‘S)
MANDATORY SIGNS,
EQUIPMENTS AND
DOCUMENTS
VEHICLE CONDITION
AND
ROADWORTHINESS
Check List / PPE Matrix for commercial
vehicles
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Before starting - a) Inspect outside, below, near vehicle
During driving - a) Correct speed / gear selection
b) Signalling
c) Lane control
d) overtaking / giving way to the side
e) Speed limit / safe distance
f) Driving on slopes
Before stopping - a) Safe stopping place, signalling, road width, condition
After stopping - a) Preventing vehicle movement and safe exit from vehicle
b) Wheel chocks
c) Vehicle attendance
Night driving - a) Mandatory lighting requirements
b) Headlamp alignment
c) Use of dipped beam
Panel - a) Haz-Chem code
b) Flammability
c) other definitions
Driving with Safe Technology
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Product Information - a) TREM Card
b) MSDS
c) Pressure, level
d) Explosive limits
e) Knowledge about equipment
Emergency Procedure - a) Immediate Response and Communication
b) Spillage handling
c) Use of PPE
d) Fire fighting
e) First Aid
f) Protection of wells, rivers, lakes etc.
g) Use of protective equipments
h) Knowledge about valves etc.
Hazardous material carrying - driver must have hazardous material handling licence .
Driving with Safe Technology
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RESPONSIBILITY AS A DRIVER NEVER ENDS. YOUR LIFE AND THE
LIVES OF OTHERS DEPEND ON YOU !
As a defensive driver, you must be always alert on the road.
Best Driver
