The Sumerians developed many important achievements including the first writing system called cuneiform using pictographs and syllables on clay tablets. They invented the wheel for vehicles and pottery, as well as the plow for farming. In mathematics they developed a number system based on 60 and studied geometry, medicine, and astronomy. They built impressive ziggurat temples and created artworks, jewelry, and cylinder seals.

1. Sumerian Achievements
S O C I A L S T U D I E S F O R 1 0 TH E . G . B .
TEACHER: MAURICIO TORRES

2. Background
 Sumerians were not just advanced in government
and religion issues; they also developed many other
things, that are part of our daily life today.

3. Writing
 Maybe the most
important development
in human History.
 They developed
cuneiform, the world’s
first writing system.
 They used sharp tools
called styluses to make
symbols on clay tablets.

4. Elements of Writing
 Pictographs used to be the way
humans kept “written” records. They
were picture symbols.
 In cuneiform, they added
representations of syllables, in that
way, it enriched writing.
 Scribes, were specialized people that
were hired to write.
 The first stories were written, they
were called Epics.
 Long poems that tell stories of heroes: The
Epic of Gilgamesh

5. Technical Advances
 The Wheel.
 They were the first to build
wheeled vehicles.
 They also created a device that
spins clay, so that a craftsperson
can shape it: potter’s wheel.
 The Plow
 Pulled by oxen, the plows broke
through the soil to prepare it for
farming.
 Water Clock

6. Technical Advances
 Sewers
 Makeup
 Jewelry
 Bronze tools

7. Math & Sciences
 Math system based on the number 60
 That is why we divide the circle into 360º
 Dividing the year into 12 months.
 Geometry
 Studied the natural world
 Inventories of names of thousands of plants, animals and
minerals.
 Medicine
 Ingredients from plants, animals and minerals to produce
healing drugs.
 They even catalogued treatments and symptoms!

8. Architechture
 Architecture
 The science of building.
 People lived in small one story houses, made of mud bricks.
 Rulers lived in large palaces.
 Temples were the largest and most impressive buildings: they were
called, ziggurats.
 They were pyramid shaped temple towers.

9. Arts
 Sumerian sculptors produced many
statues of gods.
 They used wood, ivory and pottery.
 Their pottery was really bad!
 Jewelry
 They used gold, silver and gems.
 Cylinder Seals
 They were small stone cylinder engraved
with works of art.
 Music
 Reed pipes, drums, tambourines and
lyres.

10. Ask Yourself
 Recall:
 What was the center of most Sumerian cities?
 What was one of the most important technical development of
Sumer?
 Summarize:
 What different types of art did the Sumerians create?
 Describe:
 What Sumerian advance in mathematics do we use everyday when
we look at the calendar?
 How did Sumerians write?
 Draw Conclusions:
 How was cuneiform used to express complex ideas?

11. Optional Task #1
 Find out the meaning of all the
words in this slide show, that
are in this color.
 Search for their meaning, in
order to be better prepared for
your test!

12. Optional Task #2
 Get some clay!
 Use a stick or something
similar as a stylus.
 Draw some pictographs and
try to write a sentence!
 Bring it to school and show it
to your friends, and have
them try to guess what it
means.
 Involve your parents and ask
them to help you out!

13. Bibliography
 Burstein, S. M., & Shek, R. (2012). World History
(Teacher´s Edition) (1st Edition ed.). (H. McDougal,
Ed.) Orlando, Florida, US.: Houghton Mifflin
Harcourt Publishing Company.
 Images taken from Google and “Ancient
Mesopotamia for Kids”
http://mesopotamia.mrdonn.org/.