Structural Analysis and Design of Foundations: A Comprehensive Handbook for S...
Effects of bleaching on cotton fabric
1.
Department of Textile Engineering
PROJECT (THESIS) REPORT
Course Code: TE-407
Project Report On:
EFFECT OF BLEACHING PARAMETERS ON BURSTING STRENGTH
AND WHITENESS OF COTTON KNITTED FABRIC
Submitted by:
Kazi Sazed Salman
ID: 111-23-130
Md. Hasan Mojumdar
ID: 111-23-129
Md. Asraful Haque
ID: 111-23-132
Supervised by
Abu Naser Md. Ahsanul Haque
Senior Lecturer,
Depertment of Textile Engineering, DIU
Daffodil International University
102, Shukrabad, Mirpur road,
Dhaka, Bangladesh
December 2014
2.
i
DECLARATION
We hereby declare that, this project has been done by us under the supervision of Abu Naser
Md. Ahsanul Haque, Senior Lecturer of Department of Textile Engineering, Daffodil
International University. We also declare that neither this project nor any part of this
project has been submitted elsewhere for award of any degree.
Supervised by: Submitted by:
____________________________
Abu Naser Md. Ahsanul Haque
Senior Lecturer,
Department of Textile Engineering
Daffodil International University
___________________________
Kazi Sazed Salman
Student ID: 111-23-130
Department of Textile Engineering
Daffodil International University
___________________________
Md. Hasan Mojumdar
Student ID: 111-23-129
Department of Textile Engineering
Daffodil International University
___________________________
Md. Asraful Haque
Student ID: 111-23-132
Department of Textile Engineering
Daffodil International University
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
At first all gratefulness goes to the Almighty ALLAH to give us the strength and ability to
complete the Thesis (project) and this report.
We are grateful to Dr. Md. Mahbubul Haque, Head of the department of Textile
Engineering for giving us the opportunity to accomplish the project work.
We would like to express sincerest gratitude to our respected teacher Abu Naser Md.
Ahsanul Haque, Senior Lecturer of Department of Textile Engineering, Daffodil
International University for his valuable suggestion, encouragement constructive criticism
and for providing gall necessary supports to complete our thesis.
We are also expressing special thanks to Mr. Sumon Chandra Dey, Textile Engineer of
Impress Newtex Composite Textiles Ltd. for his guidance & advice while doing the practical
works for this project. We would like to be thankful to Impress Newtex Composite Textiles
Ltd. for their helpful support to this work. We got the most excellent opportunity and
consider it a rare fortune to work under them.
Last but not least, thanks go to our precious family for their never ending love and inspire at
every stage of our life. Without their continuous support we realize that we would not be a
person what we are right now.
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ABSTRACT
This study comprises the effect of different bleaching parameters of Hydrogen peroxide
(H2O2) bleach on scoured single jersey fabrics. There were 7 samples in total with the weight
of 12.5 grams each which were bleached using different parameters of bleaching.
One of the samples was bleached by the general factory sample bleaching parameter. Other
six samples were bleached by changing the concentration of bleaching agent, time &
temperature differently.
After bleaching we tested the whiteness and bursting strength of the samples. The sample
bleached with more peroxide (5.5cc) gives the best whitening result and the sample bleached
for less time (20min) gives lowest result of all. During bursting strength testing the sample
the sample bleached in less temperature (88o
C) gives the best strength result and the sample
bleached in high temperature (108o
C) shows the lowest strength result.
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INDEX
Chapter Topic Page no
Declaration i
Acknowledgement ii
Abstract iii
Index iv-vi
Chapter-1 INTRODUCTION 1-7
1.1 Introduction 2
1.2 History of knitting 2
1.3 Fiber type 3
1.4 Fiber Properties 3
1.5 Yarn twist 3
1.6 Fabric structure 3
1.7.1 pretreatment 4
1.7.2 Objective of pretreatment 4
1.7.3 Steps in pretreatment 4
1.8.1 Scouring 4
1.8.2 Objects of scouring 5
1.9.1 Bleaching 5
1.9.2 The aim of bleaching 5
1.9.3 Bleaching agent 6
1.10 Whiteness 6
1.11 Bursting strength 6
1.12 Objects of this project 7
Chapter-2 LITERATURE REVIEW 8-29
2.1 Fiber properties 9
2.2 Fibers identification 9
2.3 Classification of yarn 9
2.4 Common yarns 11
2.5 Properties of yarn 11
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2.6 Knitting 12
2.7.1 Weft knit structure 13
2.7.2 Warp knit structure 13
2.8 Raw materials 13
2.9 Cam 13
2.10 Knitting Process flow chart 14
2.11 Yarn quality requirement 14
2.12 Effects of knitting parameters 14
2.13 Fabric scouring 15
2.14 Scouring process depends on 15
2.15 Alkaline Enzyme scouring 16
2.16 How to use scouring 16
2.17 Advantages of scouring 17
2.18 Disadvantages of scouring 17
2.19 Scouring effect 17
2.20 Assessment of scouring 17
2.21 Bleaching agent 17
2.22 Types of bleaching agent 17
2.23 Bleaching of cotton with peroxide 17
2.24 Factors of peroxide bleaching 19
2.25 Advantages 20
2.26 Wool bleaching with peroxide 20
2.27 Silk bleaching with peroxide 20
2.28 Synthetic bleaching with peroxide 21
2.29 Bursting strength 21
2.30 Diaphragm bursting test 22
2.31 Reported measurements 23
2.32 Color vision 24
2.33 Physiology of color perspiration 24
2.34 Cone cell of human eye 24
2.35 Theory of color vision 25
2.36 Trichromatic theory 25
2,37 Opponent-process theory 26
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2.38 Spectrophotometer 27
2.39 Datacolor-650 27
2.40 Whiteness & yellowness 28
Chapter-3 MATERIALS & METHODS 30-41
3.1 Materials and machines used 31
3.2 Fabric structure and type 33
3.3 Chemicals used 34
3.4 Methods of working 34
3.5 Scouring procedure 35
3.6 Standard recipe of scouring 35
3.7 Process of scouring 36
3.8 Bleaching procedure 36
3.9 Process curve of bleaching 38
3.10 Spectrophotometer working procedure 38
3.11 Working steps 38
3.12 Results from spectrophotometer 39
3.13 BST working procedure 40
3.14 BST test results 41
Chapter-4 RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS 42-45
4.1 Effect of H2O2 on strength 43
4.2 Effect of H2O2 on whiteness 43
4.3 Effect of Temperature on strength 44
4.4 Effect of Temperature on whiteness 44
4.5 Effect of Time on strength 45
4.6 Effect of Time on whiteness 45
Chapter-5 CONCLUSION 46-47
5.1 Conclusion 47
REFERENCES 48-50