3. INTRODUCTION
• All humans daily consume water to sustain life and
maintain a good health
• The main sources of drinking water are lakes,
reservoirs, canal, ground water, sea water, rain water
etc
• Depending on the source of pollutant, their pollution
could be different
• Sonication is one of the innovate technologies used for
improvement of water treatment process
4. SONICATION
Sonication is the act of applying sound (usually
ultrasound) energy to agitate particles in a
sample, for various purposes.
5. In the laboratory, it is usually applied using a device
known as a sonicator.
Applications are mainly Activatedsludgetreatment &
AlgaeRemoval
Other application includes membrane filtration, total
suspended solid reduction, water disinfection
process,water softening process ,other pollutants
removal etc
6. ULTRASONIC MECHANISM
The impact of ultrasound waves on a liquid causes the
periodical compression and rarefaction in the medium.
This phenomenon is termed cavitation.
Micro bubbles (cavitation bubbles) occur in rarefaction due
to the negative pressure.
As the wave fronts propagate, micro bubbles oscillate under
the influence of positive pressure.
Cavitation bubbles first grow in size
Then it violently collapse when they reach its critical size
8. MERITS
• No additives introduced into the ultra-sonic system
• No by products generated by ultrasonic technology.
• Therefore, there are no anticipated environmental
concerns associated with this technology
9. DEMERITS
• Although the technology has been shown to be
feasible on a small scale, the commercialization of
sonolysis is still a challenge in most cases.
10. ACTIVATED SLUDGE PROCESS
• The activated sludge process is a type of wastewater
treatment process for treating sewage or industrial
wastewaters using aeration and a biological floc
composed of bacteria and protozoa
12. HOW SONICATION WORKS?
• Ultrasonic cavitation destructs aggregates and cellular
structures.
• Due to the effect on the on the constituent material
structure the sludge can be dewatered more easily.
• It improves the dewaterability of the sludge.
• It reduces the amount of residual sludge to be disposed
13. CONTD…
• The destruction of the aggregates and cell walls
improves the bioavailability of intracellular material to
decomposition by bacteria.
14. MERITS & DEMERITS
MERITS
• No additives introduced into the ultra-sonic system
• No by products generated by ultrasonic technology.
• It takes less time in treatment of waste
DEMERITS
• Commercialization is a challenge.
16. PROBLEMS CAUSED BY ALGAE
• Toxic Blooms
• Loss of Recreation
• Dissolved Oxygen Crashes / Fish Kills
• Clogging of filters, pumps, drains, etc.
• Odorous
• Expensive to treat all the time
17. ALGAE CONTROL
Will not affector harm
• Animals
• Fish
• Birds
• Aquatic plants/weeds
• Pets
Will Affect Algae No Conclusive Results
• Blue/Green Red Algae
• Green Golden Algae
Safe for everything…except algae
18. WORKING
1. Create a soundbarrier
• Blue-green algae and some green algae are capable of
travelling through the water vertically due to their
possession of gas vesicles.
• The ultrasonic sound waves create an ultrasonic
pressure in the top layer of the water.
2. Lack of light
• Prevents the algae from rising to the surface and
absorbing light for photosynthesis.
• Algae are no longer capable of growing further.
19. CONTD…
3. Control algae growth
• The algae will die while the cell wall remains intact
• Preventing the release of toxins
• The algae will sink to the bottom of the water reservoir
• Degraded by the bacteria present.
20. WHERE ULTRASONICS USED
• Large Lakes & Reservoirs
• Private & Recreation Ponds ,Pools
• Golf Course
• Wineries
• Municipalities
• Storm Water Retention Ponds
• Aquaculture
21. INSTALL &USE ULTRASONICS
Submerge transducer –
• 2 feet minimum in earthen lined pond
• Above first thermocline
• Lined or hard bottom will result in signal bounce
23. BENIFITS OF ULTRASOUND
• Simple to install
• Targets only algae
• Large bodies of water are no problem
• Easy to use with other control methods
24. LIMITS OF ULTRASOUND
• Takes time to work – No silver bullet
• – Blue-green algae - see results in days
• – Green algae – see results in a few weeks
• Ultrasound does not control nutrient loading!
25. CASE STUDY
Algae Control in Residential Pond
• Eagles Landing is on the banks of Hartbeespoort Dam,
South Africa.
• It has an inland pond surrounded by houses. In 2012,
residents treated their algae problems with LG Sonic e-
line technology.
The Challenge
• The residential pond was plagued with heavy, thick
green algae, had high maintenance requirements, and
was an eyesore for residents.
26. The Solution
• One LG Sonic e-line was installed to treat the waterbody.
• The unit was connected to a local power source
The Results
• Up to 90% reduction of suspended green algae
• Restored plant life and healthy water lilies
• Improved ornamental value for residents
27. Figure 1: Before treatment Figure 2: After one week of treatment
Figure 3: After 10 days of treatment Figure 4: After 31 days of treatment
28. SUMMARY
• Sonication method is more effective and takes less time in
treatment of waste as compared to conventional waste
water treatment methods.
• Ultrasonic frequency of the Sonication breaks the cell cover
of the micro-organism very early as compared to any other
conventional method.
• The most experiments of US technique were carried out at
laboratory scale due to its cost and can be decreased
suggesting utilization of solar energy
• This technique could be extended to clean up of other
polluted parameters in water and environment.
29. REFERENCE
Almasi A, Mosavi A, Mohammadi M,. Azemnia S, Godini K,
Zarei A, Mohammadi S Saleh E,“Efficiency Of Integrated
Ultrasonic And Anaerobic Digestion Of Oil Refinery
Wastewater Sludge”, Global NEST Journal, Volume 18, No 4,
pp.771-777, 2016
S.J.Mokhalkar, Dr. N.W.Ingole,“ Efficiency Evaluation of
Sonication for Treatment of Waste Water”, International
Journal of Innovative and Emerging Research in Engineering
Volume 3, Special Issue 1, ICSTSD 2016
30. CONTD…
. S. S. Turkar, D. B. Bharti and G. S. Gaikwad, “Various methods
involved in waste water treatment to control water pollution”,
Journal of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Research,J. Chem.
Pharm. Res., 2011, 3(2):58-65 011
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/268393705_Water_treat
ment_using_ultrasonic_assistance_A_review?enrichId=rgreq
